@article { author = {Selim, Dina and Abd El-Fattah, Nesrin and Darwish, Olfat and Deghady, Akram and Elghandour, Ashraf}, title = {Early Parenteral Supplementation with Glutamine Dipeptide for Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Patients Receiving High Dose Chemotherapy}, journal = {Journal of High Institute of Public Health}, volume = {45}, number = {2}, pages = {42-51}, year = {2015}, publisher = {High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University}, issn = {2357-0601}, eissn = {2357-061X}, doi = {10.21608/jhiph.2015.20238}, abstract = {Background: Glutamine dipeptide (Gln) is one of conditionally essential amino acids that have a crucial role in cancer. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of early Gln supplementation in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) receiving intensive chemotherapy, but without bone marrow transplant and regardless of receiving parenteral nutrition. Methods: A randomized control trial was carried out and included 46 AML patients who received high dose chemotherapy. Their ages ranged between 17-65 years. AML patients were randomly allocated as intervention group (Gln group; n=23) and control group (n=23). Gln group received intravenous supplementation with Gln (40 gm) from day 1 to day 5 of chemotherapy, while the patients in the control group received 40 gm per day of a standard amino acid mixture. Clinical end points included the body weight, body mass index, length of hospital stay, days of neutropenia, superoxide anion generation and length of neutropenic fever and serum albumin difference. White blood cells and absolute neutrophil count were done every second day till ANC reached >500µl then superoxide anion generation was measured. Results: Weight loss, length of hospital stay, the mean days of neutropenia and neutropenic fever were significantly lower in the Gln group, whereas the mean superoxide anion generation was found higher comparing to the control group (50 ng/L vs 43ng/L respectively). Complications other than febrile neutropenia were significantly less common in Gln group. Gln supplementation has resulted in significant improvement in serum total protein and serum albumin. Conclusion: This trial suggested that early Gln supplementation regardless receiving parenteral nutrition enhances neutrophil function, maintains nutritional status and decreases hospital stay}, keywords = {Glutamine dipeptide,acute myeloid leukaemia,Malnutrition,Chemotherapy}, url = {https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20238.html}, eprint = {https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20238_5593b34c4d4e52302ac57bf154d56acd.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Kady, Hadir}, title = {Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among Paramedical Students in Alexandria and Evaluation of Dry Spot Staphytect Latex Kit as a Rapid Screening Method for Staphylococcus aureus}, journal = {Journal of High Institute of Public Health}, volume = {45}, number = {2}, pages = {52-61}, year = {2015}, publisher = {High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University}, issn = {2357-0601}, eissn = {2357-061X}, doi = {10.21608/jhiph.2015.20240}, abstract = {Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common cause of nosocomial and community acquired infections worldwide. Nasal carriage of S. aureus acts as an endogenous reservoir for clinical infections in the colonized individual and also as a source of cross-colonization for community spread. Infections caused by S. aureus range clinically from minor skin infections to severe life threatening infections; with mortality rates ranging from 6 to 40 %.Treatment of staphylococcal  infections has now become more challenging with emergence of methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains; which are often also multidrug-resistant. Objectives: The present study was conducted to screen for the prevalence rate of nasal carriage of S. aureus among paramedical students studying at the Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt. The study also aimed at studying the validity of Dry Spot Staphytect Latex Kit as a rapid screening test for identification of S. aureus. Methods: Nasal swabs were collected from 100 volunteer students over a period of three months (February-April 2015). Swabs were cultured both on blood agar and mannitol salt agar and all isolates that were confirmed microscopically and biochemically as S. aureus were tested for antibiotic sensitivity using modified Kirby Bauer technique. Dry Spot Staphytect Latex Kit was evaluated as a rapid method for identification of    S. aureus, setting the positive result of tube coagulase test as a gold standard. Results: The nasal carriage rate of S. aureus detected was 34%, 18 % of which were MRSA strains. The highest level of sensitivity to antibiotics among S. aureus isolates was recorded for vancomycin and mupirocin, (97.1%) each. Regarding MRSA strains, 100% were sensitive to mupirocin and 100% were resistant to oxacillin. Dry Spot Staphytect Latex Kit had a sensitivity of 97.06 %, a specificity of 96.97 %, a positive predictive value of 94.29 %, a negative predictive value of 98.46 % and an accuracy of 97 % in rapid identification of S. aureus. Conclusion: Paramedical university students are a high risk group for nasal carriage of S. aureus and MRSA. Dry Spot Staphytect latex test is recommended for use as an efficient rapid, sensitive, specific and accurate screening test for S. aureus and MRSA.}, keywords = {S. aureus,MRSA,Nasal Carriage,paramedical students,Dry Spot Staphytect Latex Kit}, url = {https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20240.html}, eprint = {https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20240_6c3cc0ebbbc04c097f5eae7de68e3e37.pdf} } @article { author = {Deghedi, Bothaina and Moustafa, Noha and Meky, Manal}, title = {Adherence of Family Physicians to Antibiotic Prescription Guidelines for Children Under Five Years in Alexandria}, journal = {Journal of High Institute of Public Health}, volume = {45}, number = {2}, pages = {62-70}, year = {2015}, publisher = {High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University}, issn = {2357-0601}, eissn = {2357-061X}, doi = {10.21608/jhiph.2015.20244}, abstract = {Background: Antibiotic use has been beneficial and, when prescribed and taken correctly, their value in patient care is enormous. Over prescription and abuse of antibiotics in the treatment is a worldwide problem. More than 40% of children with acute diarrhea receive unnecessary antibiotics and up to 60% of children with acute upper respiratory tract infections receive antibiotics inappropriately. Objectives: To assess adherence of family physicians to guidelines for antibiotic prescription in acute upper respiratory tract infections and diarrhea in children under 5 years. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 4 randomly selected family health facilities in Alexandria governorate. An observation checklist was designed based on Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) guidelines and used on a sample of 300 consultation sessions. Results: The study revealed that antibiotics were prescribed in 49.7% of the observed sessions and prescribed appropriately in 55.4% of the sessions according to IMCI guidelines. The type of prescribed antibiotic was appropriate in 91.8% of the sessions. Conclusion: Family physicians’ antibiotics prescription is inappropriate in nearly half of the studied children.}, keywords = {antibiotics,adherence,family physicians,under 5 children}, url = {https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20244.html}, eprint = {https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20244_841e05444ce4ba79e37560e8bfac91bd.pdf} } @article { author = {Goweda, Reda and Alfalogy, Enas and Filfilan, Roaa and Hariri, Ghufran}, title = {Prevalence and Risk Factors of Plantar Fasciitis among Patients with Heel Pain Attending Primary Health Care Centers of Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia}, journal = {Journal of High Institute of Public Health}, volume = {45}, number = {2}, pages = {71-75}, year = {2015}, publisher = {High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University}, issn = {2357-0601}, eissn = {2357-061X}, doi = {10.21608/jhiph.2015.20247}, abstract = {Background: Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain in adults seen in primary care. Extended standing and running frequently cause strain on the plantar fascia. Plantar fasciitis outcome is generally good, about 80 percent of people having no symptoms subsequent to one year. Aim of the study: To determine prevalence rate and risk factors of plantar fasciitis in primary health care settings. Methods: a cross-sectional study, conducted on 270 patients with heel pain attending five primary health care centers that were selected randomly. An interview questionnaire was structured to recognize the socio-demographic data, medical history of heel pain and independent risk factors for plantar fasciitis. Diagnosis was based on history and clinical examination. Results: The prevalence of plantar fasciitis among 270 patients was 57.8%.  88 (56.4 %) of them were males, 104 (66.7 %) were obese, 91 (58.3 %) were wearing inappropriate shoes and 140 (89.7 %) had sedentary lifestyle. Logistic regression showed that sedentary lifestyle is the most significant variable associated independently to plantar fasciitis (OR = 38.371; 95% CI: 5.411– 272.110 p 0.000) Conclusions: Plantar fasciitis is very common in primary health care settings. Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, wearing inappropriate shoes, frequent running and long standing were shown to be risk factors.}, keywords = {prevalence,Plantar fasciitis,risk factors}, url = {https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20247.html}, eprint = {https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20247_ec48e3dd90cb0a0391d648669df1e093.pdf} } @article { author = {Hussein, Neveen and Yehia, Mona}, title = {Effects of Copper Nicotinate Complex on Renal Metallothionein and Metal-responsive Transcription Factor 1 Genes Expression During 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene Exposure in Rats}, journal = {Journal of High Institute of Public Health}, volume = {45}, number = {2}, pages = {76-83}, year = {2015}, publisher = {High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University}, issn = {2357-0601}, eissn = {2357-061X}, doi = {10.21608/jhiph.2015.20252}, abstract = {Background: The expression of MT genes in animal's body is rapidly elevated in response to metal and agents which cause oxidative stress and/or inflammation. The MTF-1 plays an essential role in regulating transcription of MT gene in response to metal ions and oxidative stress. Metalloviatamin complex was found to exhibit anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activity, cytoprotective effect, and reduces oxidative stress Objectives:The study was designed to evaluate effects of a daily dose of copper nicotinate complex (CNC) on metallothionein-III (MT-III) and metal-responsive transcription factor -1 (MTF-1) expression during 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB) exposure. Methods: Ninety rats were divided into five groups. Group I rats were fed on standard diet and was considered the control group; group II rats were fed on standard diet containing DAB (0.06g/100g diet daily) for six months; group III rats were received CNC dissolved in saline solution (1mg/kg body weight daily) for six months; group IV rats were pretreated with CNC one month before DAB; group V rats were post treated with CNC after one month of starting feeding on DAB. MT-III and MTF-1 genes expression was assayed by PCR. Renal histopathological changes were examined by light microscopy. Results: Genes expression in all groups was statistically high at all time intervals as compared with control group, while it was decreased in groups III, IV and V as compared to cancer group (II). In group IV and V, the genes expression was statistically increased as compared with group III. MT expression in control group declined with age, while it was higher at 6th month than 2nd and 4th month in group II. MTF-1 expression was increased at 4th month followed by decrease at 6th month in all studied groups. These results were confirmed by histopathological change. There was an increased of pyknotic and necrotic nuclei in tubular epithelial cells and a mild dilatation of renal tubules. Conclusion: Scavenging ROS during DAB-induced oxidative stress may be the major role of MT. CNC causes a partial improvement in the genes expression as well as renal tubules so CNC may be a promising candidate used for protection against oxidative stress.}, keywords = {Copper nicotinate complex,4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene,Metallothionein,Metal-responsive transcription factor-1}, url = {https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20252.html}, eprint = {https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20252_992467d7e9ef6205355154cd41095ad0.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Acknowledgement for 2015 Reviewers}, journal = {Journal of High Institute of Public Health}, volume = {45}, number = {2}, pages = {84-84}, year = {2015}, publisher = {High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University}, issn = {2357-0601}, eissn = {2357-061X}, doi = {10.21608/jhiph.2015.20260}, abstract = {The Editors of the Journal of High Institute of Public Health express their thanks to all Reviewers in 2015 for the time they committed and the valuable input they provided, thus helping to guarantee the scientific quality of the Journal. Prof. Ahmed Mahfouz, Prof. of Epidemiology Prof. Aida Reda, Prof. of Epidemiology Prof. Aly Khamis, Prof. of Nutrition          Prof. Azza Farghaly, Prof. of Tropical health Prof. Ensaf Abdelgawad, Prof. of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences Prof. Ezzat Khamis, Prof. of Nutrition Prof. Fikrat Elsahn, Prof. of Nutrition Prof. Gehan Mounir, Prof. of School and Adolescence Health Prof. Hala Elmorshedy, Prof. of Parasitology and Medical Entomology Prof. Hanan Shatat, Prof. of Tropical Health Prof. Hassan Othman, Prof. of Occupational Health Prof. Heba Selim, Prof. of Microbiology Prof. Hoda Zaki, Prof. of Hospital Administration Prof. Kholoud Tayel, Prof. of School and Adolescence Health Prof. Manal Koura, Prof. of Primary Health Care Prof. Medhat Attia, Prof. of Mental Health Prof. Mohamed Elbarrawy, Prof. of Microbiology Prof. Mona Hasheesh, Prof. of Microbiology Prof. Mona Hassan, Prof. of Biostatistics Prof. Ragaa Elgazzar, Prof. of Occupational Hygiene Prof. Zahira Gad, Prof. of Epidemiology Dr. Iman Wahdan, Associate Prof. of Epidemiology Dr. Nevine Agamy, Associate Prof. of Food Analysis  }, keywords = {}, url = {https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20260.html}, eprint = {} }