eng
High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University
Journal of High Institute of Public Health
2357-0601
2357-061X
2014-10-01
44
2
61
68
10.21608/jhiph.2014.20329
20329
Original Article
Metabolic Syndrome among Tanta Faculty of Medicine Administrative Employees
El-Sherbiny AM
a_elshrbiny@hotmail.com
1
Zaid H
2
MD Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.
MD Occupational Medicine, Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Tanta University, Egypt.
Objectives: The aim of study was to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome using the definition proposed by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) among Tanta faculty administrative employees to recommend a certain measure for its prevention. Methods: A cross sectional survey study was conducted on 239 Tanta faculty administrative employees. Results: More than two thirds of the study group aged > 40 years. Females constituted about two thirds. 30.5% of study employees suffered from metabolic syndrome. Female, aged > 40 years, overweight and obese, physically inactive, current cigarette smoking, hypertensive, diabetic, dyslipidemic with abdominal obesity employees had statistically significant risk of metabolic syndrome. Conclusion and Recommendation: The study recommended educational intervention for lifestyle modification for all at risk employees with monitoring and managing risk profile.
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20329_c343e3f4a2698cf3ade212a888f72bb2.pdf
Metabolic syndrome
adults
Risk
eng
High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University
Journal of High Institute of Public Health
2357-0601
2357-061X
2014-10-01
44
2
69
76
10.21608/jhiph.2014.20332
20332
Original Article
Outcome Measures of a Pilot (mHealth) Intervention for Type II Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Level Hospital
Alaa-El-Dine Mahmoud
dralaahassan@gmail.com
1
Community Medicine Department Ibn Sina National College for Medical Sciences Jeddah, KSA Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef University, Egypt
Background: There have been a significant number of initiatives which aimed at using mobile health (mHealth) to improve diabetes care through improving patient provider communication, providing patients with information and lifestyle tips, and appointment reminders. Objectives: To assess the clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction pertinent to a pilot ‘mHealth’ service established for type II Diabetes mellitus patients in an educational tertiary level hospital in order to provide leadership with a recommendation whether or not to institutionalize the service. Methods: Diabetes mellitus type II patients who received a pilot ‘mHealth’ service in an educational tertiary level hospital were followed up for 12 months. Patient records were reviewed for reductions in HbA1C levels, hospitalizations, ER visits, unplanned consultant visits during the follow up period and treatment compliance. Finally patient satisfaction was anonymously measured at the end of the period. Results: Patient satisfaction with the service was relatively high (87.7%). Satisfaction with phone calls was significantly higher than satisfaction with SMS. The mean reduction in HbA1c levels of all patients was 1.67±0.54, (p<0.001). The number of received SMS during the service significantly correlated with the reduction in the HbA1c level (Pearson R= 0.184, p<0.05). Patient compliance with treatment was significantly correlated with the number of phone calls received (Pearson R = .379 and P<0.001). The rates of hospitalization, visits to ER and unplanned consultant visits were generally low among the studied patients (4.5%, 7.1% and 16.9% respectively). Conclusion and Recommendations: The pilot mHealth service implemented in the hospital was significantly correlated to the patient compliance with treatment, and improvement in glycemic control with a remarkably high patient satisfaction. It is recommended to institutionalize the intervention, as a standard component of Diabetes mellitus care, and to conduct further patient satisfaction surveys, benchmarking and evaluation studies to assess the effectiveness of the service.
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20332_3cd780541207bfcf4b2537044c8f0806.pdf
Patient satisfaction – Clinical outcomes – mHealth
Diabetes mellitus
eng
High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University
Journal of High Institute of Public Health
2357-0601
2357-061X
2014-10-01
44
2
77
87
10.21608/jhiph.2014.20333
20333
Original Article
Phenol Adsorption from Simulated Wastewater on Rice Husk Activated Carbon and Granular Activated Carbon
Riham Ali Hazzaa
riham17@yahoo.com
1
Petrochemical Department, Faculty of Engineering, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt
Background: Phenol has been classified as hazardous pollutant and its presence in natural water is considered as a serious threat to human health and overall water quality. The major source of phenol pollution in the aquatic environment is wastewater from petroleum and petrochemical industries. Objective: This study aims to investigate the adsorption efficiency of granular activated carbon (GAC) and activated carbon prepared from rice husk (RHAC), a low-cost agricultural by product, in removing phenols from simulated wastewater. Methods: Batch adsorption studies were conducted to study the effect of various parameters such as initial concentration, agitation time, adsorbent dose and solution pH on phenol removal. Equilibrium data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Hurkin-Jura. The adsorption kinetics were studied using the pseudo-first-order and second-order kinetics models. The mechanism of the adsorption process was determined from the intraparticle diffusion model. Results: The efficiency of GAC and RHAC on removal of phenol was 95% and 90% respectively at an agitation time of 6 hr, a pH 6,150 rpm, an adsorbent dose of 5 g/L, initial phenol concentration of 50 mg/L and a temperature of 20ºC. Acidic pH was more favorable for the removal of phenol. Increasing initial concentration of phenol decreases the percentage removal. The adsorption isotherm models fitted the data in the order: Freundlich > Langmuir > Tempkin isotherms. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model best described the adsorption process Conclusion: The results showed that the prepared activated carbon was an effective adsorbent for removal of phenol as a low-cost and an alternative adsorbent.
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20333_398db5fc5cf3e76c9da74bfd9f150962.pdf
Adsorption
Phenol
Granular activated carbon
rice husk
Wastewater
eng
High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University
Journal of High Institute of Public Health
2357-0601
2357-061X
2014-10-01
44
2
88
97
10.21608/jhiph.2014.20597
20597
Histopathological Effects of Some Essential Oils on Liver and Kidney of Male Albino Mice
Maha Abou Nazel
1
Madiha Talha
madiha.m.talha@gmail.com
2
Hoda Khalifa
3
Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt
Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt
Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt
Background: Plant essential oils play prominent roles as flavoring agents in the food industry and as fragrances for the perfume industry. The World Health Organization has recommended that traditional plants used for the treatment of diseases need further scientific investigation on their toxic side effects. Objectives: The current study was conducted to evaluate the histopathological effect of three plants' essential oils that could be used as insecticides. Methods: Thirty adult male albino mice were divided into five groups. Group I was considered as a control group. Group II, III and IV received cinnamic aldehyde, benzyl alcohol and eugenol essential oils respectively. For comparison with the tested essential oils, Group V received the organophosphorus insecticide dimethoate. Results: Histological examination of liver and renal cortex of animals received the essential oil cinnamic aldehyde or benzyl alcohol revealed a nearly normal histological structure of hepatic parenchyma by Hematoxylin and eosin stain, and normal collagen distribution demonstrated by Gomori’s Trichrome stain. Examination of the group IV treated with eugenol revealed few focal areas of degeneration in hepatic parenchyma and in some renal tubules. On the contrary, mice treated with dimethoate manifested severe affection of the hepatic parenchyma with characteristic hepatic zonation and many degenerated cells, pyknotic nuclei and vacuolated cytoplasm in addition to intense cellular infiltration. Thyrodization of the renal cortex of dimethoate treated mice was consistent finding in most of the examined specimens. Many convoluted tubules appeared irregular dilated with flattened epithelial lining. Their lumina were occupied by cellular casts and hyaline material. Thickened basement membranes of the renal tubules with disrupted brush border were also observed. Moreover, extensive fibrosis of hepatic parenchyma and renal interstitium were detected in this group treated with dimethoate. Conclusion: the tested essential oils did not demonstrate significant adverse effects on the liver and renal cortex of albino male mice, while the organophosphorus insecticide, dimethoate, had significant hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects. Further studies are needed that include more animals and to address other factors such as gender differences, time course, dose response, blood chemistry, and other biochemical targets prior to any recommendation for the usage of any of these chemicals as insecticides.
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20597_6a20c3b11a91c79f9cdc300c128dbba0.pdf
Cinnamic aldehyde
benzyl alcohol
eugenol dimethoate
histopathology liver
kidney
eng
High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University
Journal of High Institute of Public Health
2357-0601
2357-061X
2014-10-01
44
2
98
107
10.21608/jhiph.2014.20334
20334
Original Article
Violence against Physicians Working in Emergency Departments in Assiut, Egypt
Doaa Abdel-Salam
doodyas2004@yahoo.com
1
Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University
Background: Workplace violence in hospital emergency departments (EDs) is a common problem, where health care staff is at highest risk. However, this issue is under researched in Egypt and little evidence exists. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the magnitude and types of violence faced by ED physicians, the etiology and sources of violence, sociodemographic factors influencing violence, reporting the violent assaults, the emotional state of the physicians after violence and the probable solutions to this problem. Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study included 335 physicians working in the EDs of six hospitals in Assiut city, Egypt. Results: The majority of the respondents (78.2%) reported exposure to violence during the previous year: 78.6% verbal and 21.4% physical. There was statistically significant difference association between exposure to violence and poor security at hospitals. Exposure to physical violence was significantly higher among males and in the evening shifts. Taking care of another patient was the most frequent task done by the physicians during the violent assault, where physical violence was significantly more common than verbal violence. Too many family caretakers, lack of education of patient's relatives and insufficient equipment for treatment were the most frequent reasons associated with violence. Physical violence was significantly higher than verbal violence in case of patients suffering of drug abuse or serious illness. The most common coping methods used by the physicians were verbal reply, leaving the scene and calling the police. Patients' relatives were identified as the primary perpetrators of violence; however violence perpetrated by the patients was significantly higher in the governmental hospitals. About 85% of the physicians exposed to violence didn't receive adequate support from the hospital managers, which was significantly higher in the university hospitals than governmental hospitals. In university hospitals, too many family caretakers and serious illness of the patients were significantly associated with violence. However, insufficient equipment for treatment was significantly associated with violence in the governmental hospitals. The most common reactions experienced by the physicians after violence were anger, depression and frustrations. Inadequate coverage by security staff and lack of education of patients’ relatives were identified as the major areas that need attention to address the problem. Conclusion: Physicians are at high risk of violent assaults in the EDs in Assiut city. Decision makers need to be aware of the causes and potential consequences of such events. There is a need for intervention to protect physicians and provide safer hospital environment.
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20334_1ddac7f7810929deecf8b0ea6f60f498.pdf
violence
Physicians
emergency department
Developing countries