2024-03-29T15:15:12Z
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=4140
Journal of High Institute of Public Health
2357-0601
2357-0601
2008
38
4
Dual Effect of Alternariol on Acetyl Cholinesterase and Monoamineoxidase Extracted from Different Parts of Rat Brain
Hassan
Osman
Mohamed
Osman
ABSTRACT Alternariol is a metabolite product of different strains of alternaria tenuis fungus. It’s structure has a similarity to cannabinol derivatives and it has a chemical formula 3,4,5 trihydroxy 6- methyl dibenzoxy-α–pyrone. The effect of the alternariol on both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and monoamineoxidase (MAO-A) enzymes extracted from whole and five different parts of male albino rat brains; namely: frontal cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata was studied. Kinetic studies were done to determine the type of inhibition of AChE and MAO-A enzymes and the enzyme –inhibitor dissociation constants (Ki) by alternariol.The results indicated that alternariol inhibited both AChE and MAO –A enzymes of the cortex and medulla oblongata more than the extracts of the other parts of the brain. These parts are responsible for perception, motor, sensory, psychic activities and reflex centers of respiration.The inhibition of these enzymes increased with increasing the amount of alternariol added to the assay mixture, i.e., the inhibition was dose dependent and of the competitive type. The values of Ki for alternariol – AChE enzyme extracts varied from 12.0 to 15.0 mmol/L and for alternariol – MAO enzyme extracts varied from 28 to 30 mmol/L and were of the same order of magnitude.The difference in the degree of inhibition of the extracts of these brain parts could be attributed to the slight difference in the structure i.e; arrangement of their amino acids (isozyme phenomenon) and to their distinct gene loci.The inhibition of AChE and MAO-A by alternariol may save ACh and biogenic amines which are of great importance for the patients suffering from Alzheimers and dementia.
Acetylcholine
5 Hydroxytryptamine (Serotonin)
Alternariol
Acetyl Cholinesterase
Monoamine Oxidase
2008
10
01
723
733
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20960_da84d3ce5ac9ff8c21ebcba5bbf3c24e.pdf
Journal of High Institute of Public Health
2357-0601
2357-0601
2008
38
4
Assessment of Bacteriological Quality of Drinking Water in some Household Water Filter Systems in Benghazi City
Abaza
AF
Abbass
AA
El Shamy
HA
Meidan
TM
Elzouki
EM
Water is very important to human beings. Although human life can exist for many days without food, the absence of water for only a few days has fatal consequences. A wide variety of commercial water treatment systems are available for application to treat very small quantities, such as for individual homes or taps. These can treat virtually any water quality problem. It is important to have a good understanding of the specific water quality problems before selecting water treatment system. It is also important that products be tested and approved by a qualified independent certification organization to have confidence that the device will indeed perform as the vendor claims. The present study aimed to assess the bacteriological quality of drinking water in some household water filter systems inBenghazi city. The study was carried out on a total of 600 water samples (300 tap water samples and 300 filter water devices samples). All water samples were examined for enumeration of viable heterotrophic bacteria by pour plate method and enumeration of total coliforms (TC) by both the multiple tube fermentation (MTF) and membrane filtration (MF) methods and for thermotolerant coliforms (TTC), Fecal streptococci (FS), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) by the MF method. According to Libyan guidelines, out of 600 examined drinking water samples 76.8% were acceptable. The highest percentage of acceptable samples was revealed from reverse osmosis (RO) system (90.7%), followed by charcoal filter (83.3%), tap water distribution system (DS) (82.3%), and only 54.7% from tap water tanks. It was concluded from this study that filtered water samples were found to be superior to tap water samples as regards their bacteriological aspects. In addition, P. aeruginosa was considered as an excellent indicator for the efficiency of the water filters.
Bacteriological Quality
Drinking water
Household Water
Filter Systems
2008
10
01
734
752
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20963_89dbc7159a5cf0b514b22d33b2ca2336.pdf
Journal of High Institute of Public Health
2357-0601
2357-0601
2008
38
4
Nutritional Status of Hospitalized Patients and Its Impact on Morbidity, Mortality and Length of Stay
Rehab
Abdel Hai
Yasser
Bakr
The objective of this study is to assess the nutritional status of hospitalized patients and its effect on morbidity, mortality and length of hospital stay. Prospectively, 177 adult patients, admitted to units of Internal Medicine Department and ICU of Kasr Al-Aini Hospitals during the period from October, 2006 to March, 2007 were evaluated using the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) questionnaire. Patients were followed to determine length of hospital stay, complications and in-hospital mortality. The sample consisted of 100 men and 77 women. The mean age was 50.01±10.37 years, with 29.9% over 60 years. Overall 87.6% were admitted to general wards and 12.4% were admitted to the ICU. According to the SGA, 41.8% of patients had moderate malnutrition or were at-risk of malnutrition and there were no severely malnourished patients. Men had increased risk of being malnourished compared with women (p= 0.002). A tendency to malnutrition was observed in older individuals, especially those 60 years and older (p<0.001). Complications were significantly more frequent among those at-risk of malnutrition (group B) as there was 32.2% of patients versus 20.3% of complication in patients of group A that were normonourished (p< 0.001 and, Relative Risk RR=2.20). Overall mortality was 15.3%of which 11.3% belonged to group B and only 4.0% were of group A (p=0.04). The average length of hospital stay was higher for the malnourished group, 25±14 days versus 14 days±8 days in group A (with p< 0.001). The study concluded thatMalnutrition is frequent in hospitalized patients at Internal Medicine Department on admission, and is a risk factor for morbidity, mortality, and prolongs the length of hospitalization. Efforts should be made to quickly assess the nutritional status of these patients with early initiation of nutritional interventions.
Malnutrition
Nutritional assessment
mortality
hospital stay
2008
10
01
753
764
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20966_da3b2a6ed1c3a900b2c476344869dee3.pdf
Journal of High Institute of Public Health
2357-0601
2357-0601
2008
38
4
Student Nurses' Perception of the Impact of Information Technology on the Quality of Teaching and Learning
Nahed
Kandeel
Youssreya
Ibrahim
The purpose of this paper was to investigate student nurses' perception of the impact of using information technology (IT) on the quality of teaching and learning of critical care nursing. This study was carried out at Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Egypt. The sample included 163 of fourth year Bachelor of Nursing students enrolled in critical care nursing course (CCNC) during the academic year 2007-2008. Data were collected using a questionnaire sheet which gathered information about student nurses' IT skills and use, perception of the access to and use of IT at Faculty of Nursing, perception of the impact of using IT on teaching and perception of the impact of using IT on learning critical care nursing (CCN). Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 9.0 for windows. The findings indicate that student nurses had positive perception of the impact of using IT on the quality of teaching and learning CCN. Students wanted access to IT at the Faculty and expressed their need for more training on using the Internet and Microsoft PowerPoint, and for IT resources in classrooms.
Information Technology
students' perception
teaching
Learning
2008
10
01
765
784
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20968_82e2bd3834e48094dde94317d3ffb0ed.pdf
Journal of High Institute of Public Health
2357-0601
2357-0601
2008
38
4
The Image of Nursing as a Profession Among Students of the Military Technical Nursing School in Alexandria
Taghrid
Abd El-Aziz
Nursing has considerable progresses towards becoming professional in recent decades in comparison with previous decades and produced a scientific base by academic preparing programs for it. Now, it is the time to be aware of the images that they draw as professionals for themselves and others. Since, these images are forming during study and probing the way of forming perceptions as image of profession and the effective factors on it had not been considered by students till now and since core concepts. So, this study has been done for detecting the profession's image among nursing students of the Military Technical Nursing School in Alexandria. This study is a descriptive one and aimed at determining the image of nursing as a profession among students in Military Technical Nursing School as well to propose changes in relation to students image of nursing as a profession. The participants of this study were 120nursing students who were in 1st , 2nd and 3rd years. A structured interview questionnaire was developed by the researcher to collect data about the socio demographic characteristics of students and their parents as well to identify the image of nursing as a profession among students such as reasons of enrolling to the Military Technical Nursing School, image toward Military and Civilian hospitals, causes of positive and negative image and their suggestion for improving nursing image. The study results revealed that the highest percentages of students in Alexandria had a positive image of military nursing as a profession except the students who's residency is Mersa Matrouh City. This portrayed from the military uniform, a good chance for work with a good salary demonstrated a positive influence of their image to nursing as a profession. However, working in the afternoon and night shifts and on Fridays and vacations, doing non nursing duties, calling the nurse at any time, the method of punishment if mistakes occurred had a negative influence on the image of nursing among the highest percentages of students. The study recommended further investigation for the negative views of nurses. Military hospitals should modify working condition and promote friendly environments for students with greater flexibility in work shifts.
Image of Nursing
Military Technical Nursing School
alexandria
2008
10
01
785
801
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20970_f334b2f71b4c974125f4162281906860.pdf
Journal of High Institute of Public Health
2357-0601
2357-0601
2008
38
4
Prevalence of Emerging Protozoa among Crustaceans
Safaa
Essa
Today people are turning to fish as a healthy alternative to red meat. It supplies various essential protein, vitamins, Omega 3 and minerals. It is favored by all people for its delicious taste specially Shrimps and Crabs. However, crustaceans can serve as sources of parasitic infection to man. So this study was planned to estimate prevalence of emerging protozoa among crustaceans. A total of 60 shrimp & crab samples (30 of each) were collected from different markets in Alexandria Governorate. The intestinal contents of each were milked out. Smears were stained with: a) Quick-hot Gram-Chromotrope staining technique (QHG), b) Kinyoun’s acid-fast stain (KAF). Microsporidia was encountered in the whole sample of Shrimps and Crabs by both stains (QHG, KAF). In Shrimps; Cyclospora was defected 40% followed by Cryptosporidia (33.3%) by using QHG stain while the results revealed by Kinyoun’s acid fast stain were (40%, 80%) respectively. In Crabs; Cryptosporidia was the second encountered protozoa 53.3%, followed by Cyclospora 33.3% as demonstrated by QHG. However, Kinyon’s acid fast stain showed 86.7%, 33.3% respectively. The least protozoan parasites shown in the present study were Blastocystis hominis 6.7%, and Dientamoeba fragilis 3.3%, either by QHG or KAF demonstration.
prevalence
Emerging Protozoa
Crustaceans
2008
10
01
802
817
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20973_dbdee627a2452305edac62641461f5f9.pdf
Journal of High Institute of Public Health
2357-0601
2357-0601
2008
38
4
Chemotherapy Induced Febrile Neutropenia and Its Association with Nosocomial Bacteraemia: Risk Factors and Prognosis
Hadir
El-Mahallawy
Rehab
Abdel Hai
For decades, febrile neutropenia (FN) in cancer patients has been treated with utmost urgency, necessitating immediate initiation of empirical broad spectrum intravenous antibiotics. Recently, it has become evident that neutropenic cancer patients are not a homogeneous group and that practice guidelines may vary on their risk status. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the significance and risk factors predisposing to a positive blood culture in febrile pediatric cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced FN, and to study the impact of nosocomial bacteraemia on clinical course and outcome of these febrile episodes. A prospective cohort study included febrile episodes occurring in a large group of pediatric patients with chemotherapy-induced FN at the National Cancer Institute over a period of one year. Blood cultures were drawn and micro-organisms were identified. Among 729 episodes of fever and neutropenia recorded in 475 patients, bacteraemia was detected in 46.2% of episodes of which 56% showed a lengthy episode (≥ 7days). Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) were associated with the least complications while Gram negative bacteraemia (GNB) were associated with the most severe blood stream infections (BSI). The overall mortality rate was 7.5% (n=55) and was significantly higher among BSI (11%) than those episodes that were not bacteraemic (4.6%). In addition, the mortality was significantly higher in GNB and mixed BSI, than in Gram positive BSI with p< 0.001. Logistic regression determined BSI, a lengthy episode, younger age of child with a relapsing tumor and presence of a canula as independent factors affecting mortality and thus prognosis of the child with FN.Results of the study suggest significant differences in the clinical characteristics of BSI by the different classes of micro-organisms in pediatric cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced FN. BSI profoundly influences course and outcome of episodes. Continuous multi-disciplinary surveillance of BSI is warranted in this group of patients to develop strategies for antimicrobial resistance control and treatment of infectious complications.
Febrile Neutropenia
Nosocomial Bacteraemia
Pediatric Oncology
2008
10
01
818
834
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20975_c5e71190a25878223bb9711ea2bb60dc.pdf
Journal of High Institute of Public Health
2357-0601
2357-0601
2008
38
4
Effect of Menopausal Changes on Women’s Quality of Life in Tanta (Egypt)
Hanan
Gabry
Natural menopause is a universal experience for women during midlife regardless of race, education, religion or wealth. Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation because of loss of ovarian functions, whether naturally or after surgery. Menopause, an event often accompanied by symptoms that can have a significant impact on a woman's quality of life. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the effect of menopausal changes on women’s quality of life among a sample of menopausal women in Tanta/ Egypt. A random sample of 150 generally healthy women, who experience natural menopause and free from major medical conditions were included in this study from Tanta university hospital and El-Menshawy hospital in Tanta city. The tool used is Utian Quality of Life Scale (UQOL). This tool is a five point likert-like scale to gain information from women about menopause-related quality of life. The result of this study showed that the majority of menopausal women suffer from vasomotor symptoms, which affect their quality of life. No one of menopausal women received medical help for menopausal symptoms or used hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Menopausal women consider these symptoms as natural and transient, and they wait for the symptoms to pass. The study recommended that menopausal women mainly need counseling about menopause and its symptoms as well as elements of a healthy lifestyle.
Menopausal Changes
quality of life
Egypt
2008
10
01
835
855
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20978_781f293c1d2e984a0ba72d30055c9a80.pdf
Journal of High Institute of Public Health
2357-0601
2357-0601
2008
38
4
Effect of Using Elastic Compression Stocking in Prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis after Hip Surgery in Orthopedic Units at Zagazig University Hospitals
Wafaa
Sherif
Amira
Hassanein
Wafaa
Ali
Deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) is a serious problem that affects millions of people annually. Prophylaxis against (DVT) following major orthopaedic surgery can save life. Proper application of the prophylactic regimen by nursing and the interdisciplinary team can be a major key in affecting the outcome of the orthopaedic patient. Prevention of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) and its complication, pulmonary embolism (PE), is a primary focus of the daily care of the postoperative orthopaedic patient. Compression stockings improve the return of blood from the veins back to the heart and reduce the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis as well. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of using elastic compression stockings in preventing deep vein thrombosis after hip surgery in orthopedic units at Zagazig university hospitals. The sample consists of 80 adult patients admitted to orthopaedic units at Zagazig University Hospitals. Patients who were scheduled for hip surgery and accepted to participate in the study were the subjects of the study. Both gender were included, Patients having the following criteria were excluded such as massive edema/swelling of leg, pulmonary edema or (cardiac failure), severe peripheral arterial disease, severe peripheral neuropathy, major leg deformity, and certain types of skin disease (e.g. weeping skin lesions/dermatitis). The selected sample was divided randomly into two equal groups (control group and study group) Significant changes were detected between the two groups.
Elastic Compression Stocking
in Prevention
Deep Vein Thrombosis
Hip surgery
Orthopedic
2008
10
01
856
870
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20980_66425e6632c0501426411afe4a0b61f7.pdf
Journal of High Institute of Public Health
2357-0601
2357-0601
2008
38
4
Nutritional Status and Dietary Practices of Female Athletes
Sally
Ezzat
The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status and the feeding practices of female athletes practicing sport at the first class level. The sample of was taken from three sports clubs in Alexandria and included 124 athletes practicing handball, basketball or volleyball. Each athlete was privately interviewed using a pre-coded questionnaire to collect data on her educational level and her source of advice regarding athletic nutrition. Data was collected on the exact composition of the diet consumed before competition which were analyzed using the Egyptian food composition table. The diet was classified into balanced diet, unbalanced diet, high carbohydrate or high protein diets. Athletes were questioned about the time of consuming diet before competition and about fluid intake before, during and after the sport event. The athletes were also requested to provide information on the type of supplement frequently consumed. The nutritional status of the athletes was assessed using a set of anthropometric measurements including body weight, height, waist and hip circumferences. BMI was calculated.The results show that anthropometric measurements were within normal range. The team coach and older players were the main sources of nutrition advice. Only 22.6% of the athletes consumed a balanced diet and a similar proportion consumed a high carbohydrate diet. Meals were consumed by 42.8% of the players less than 3 hours before competition. Fluids were omitted by 33.1% and 50.8% of the athletes before and during competition. Nutritional supplements were taken by 73.4% of the players, performance enhancing supplement was most commonly used particularly by university graduates. The results confirm that poor dietary practices are quite prevalent and necessitate the inclusion of a nutritionist in the training team.
Nutritional Status
Dietary Practices
Female athletes
2008
10
01
871
886
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20982_941e87997e703d0af1ed1e9940f8ecfc.pdf
Journal of High Institute of Public Health
2357-0601
2357-0601
2008
38
4
Compliance of Diabetic Patients: Pros and Cons
Eman
Taher
Gehan
Hamdy
Soad
Sultan
Hebat'Allah
Moustafa
Diabetes is a major public health problem allover the world. This study was conducted to demonstrate the pattern of compliance among diabetic patients as regard appointment, diet and drugs, its determinants and reasons beyond noncompliance. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the outpatient Clinic of Diabetes, Kasr AlAini. The compliance pattern was assessed using special scoring system. The different determinants of the compliance as regard socio demographic, disease characteristics, and care characteristics were also assessed. The quality of care was measured based on the weighted care score. Fasting blood sugar, was done to all patients. Patients were interrogated for reasons beyond non compliance through open ended questions. Improper compliance to diet was prevalent ([34.7 %]) of study sample the significant determinants of improper compliance to diet were younger age, type 1 diabetes, long duration of illness, absence of complication, positive family history, receiving 3 or more drugs per day, and improper compliance to drugs. Financial constraints and psychological constraints were beyond improper diet and drugs compliance. The study included that compliance to appointment and drugs was better than compliance to diet. Cost and psychological constraints were among the main reasons of improper compliance.
Compliance
Diabetic patients
2008
10
01
887
904
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20984_34f5724d47f54f948debf127590407ae.pdf
Journal of High Institute of Public Health
2357-0601
2357-0601
2008
38
4
Attitudes of Population towards Traffic Noise in Saudi Arabia, Dammam: A Case Study
AbdulAziz
Al-Ghonamy
Mahmoud
El-Sharkawy
Noise pollution can result from number of sources, including traffic, construction and industrial activities. Motorboats, snowmobiles; and loud music are also considered sources of noise pollution. Traffic noise affects people in different manners such as rest annoying disorders, stress and learning troubles, in addition to cardio-vascular diseases. The present study is mainly aimed to investigate the attitude of Saudi population towards the environmental noise pollution. Population of Dammam city in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia was selected as a case study due to its nature of industrial, commercial, educational and recreational human activities. The survey method chosen for this study was a direct interview using a pre-designed questionnaire. A hundred percent of respondents reported that traffic activity was the most annoying source of environmental noise and more than 80% of respondents were generally complain from the traffic noise with a degree of annoyance ranged from moderate to sever. Sleeping and performance of jobs were the most affected daily activities with traffic noise. The highest percent of respondents reported that the day period (from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm) is the maximum period of exposure to the traffic noise. Most of respondents were closing their doors and windows to avoid annoyance of the outdoor noise, while others were going away to calm areas, blame the noise-causing persons or speaking loudly to overcome this problem. There is a weak significant statistical correlation between age of respondent and sleep disturbance due to exposure to the traffic noise.
Noise Pollution
Traffic Activity
Attitudinal Survey
Respondents
Annoyance
Sleeping Disturbance
2008
10
01
905
923
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20986_1816b44e8a66267dde44d0133cf9da1e.pdf