A Validated Clinical Practice Guideline for Community Health Nurse Working in Tuberculosis Out-patient Clinics
Amel
Ahmed
Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
author
Sahar
Soliman
Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
author
Lamiaa
Awad
Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
author
text
article
2008
eng
Tuberculosis is a major contributor to disease burden in developing countries; it is considered the second fatal disease all over the world and the third most important public health problem in Egypt. The direct causes of increasing the burden of tuberculosis are the inconsistent and fragmented health services. The nursing interventions of tuberculosis in community settings require system of recommendation that ensures the consistency of care. The present study aimed at providing a valid clinical guideline that assist nurses to intervene consistently to the newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patient. The needs analysis of community health nurses working in out patient chest clinics in addition to the expectation of newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patient regarding nursing interventions. The guideline development process established according to the criteria of experts of guideline development organizations. The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (Sign) research appraisal tools were used for the critical appraisal phase of the obtained evidence. AGREE instrument was used for assessing the internal validity of the guideline. The guideline and apprised for internal validity by academic nursing and medical staff, nursing, and medical practitioners. The scores of all appraisers in relation to scope and Purpose, stakeholder involvement, rigour of development ranged from (62.9-77.7%, 53.5-77.7%, and 66.6-76.2%), respectively. While the scores for the clarity and presentation were 50-76.4, applicability were 61.9-68.5, and editorial independence were 88- 93. The four groups of revision strongly recommended the application of the guideline.
Journal of High Institute of Public Health
High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University
2357-0601
38
v.
1
no.
2008
1
26
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20865_3c6ea27a60fddf4606824db6082990fd.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2008.20865
Development of an Educational Booklet for Women about Self Care During Pregnancy
Jilan
Al-Battawi
Department of Gynecologic and Midwifery Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
author
text
article
2008
eng
This study aimed at assessing the knowledge of women about pregnancy changes, self care during it, and development of an educational booklet based on the results of the assessment. The study was conducted at antenatal clinic at El-Shateby University Hospital. From the previous setting, a purposive sample consisting of 200 women was selected. A Structured Questionnaire sheet was developed and used to find out the knowledge and practice of the study sample about pregnancy changes and self care during it. The results found that the majority of women lack basic knowledge about pregnancy changes and self care during pregnancy.
Journal of High Institute of Public Health
High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University
2357-0601
38
v.
1
no.
2008
27
53
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20866_3cab8c368064a89ab9ae83cc012f2fcc.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2008.20866
Impact of Groundwater Discharges on Marine Water Quality in Doha, Qatar
Magda
El-Magharaby
Department of Environmental Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
author
Samia
Galal
Department of Environmental Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
author
Ghazy
Abdel Kreim
Department of Environmental Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
author
Khaled
El-Emady
Public Work Authority, Qatar
author
text
article
2008
eng
Qatar is classified, according to its geographical location and climate, as a hot subtropical desert. Qatar’s average annual rainfall is less than 130 mm/year (5 in). Doha, the capital of State of Qatar, is served by a collection system of groundwater and storm water which finally is disposed off into the marine water through three outfalls. In the future, another four proposed outfalls will be operating. This study aimed at assessing the impact of groundwater discharge on the receiving marine water quality. Water Samples were collected from the outfalls it themselves, Sea water from different sites around these outfalls at different distances, sea water Samples from different sites around the proposed points at different distances, and offshore samples as reference. Samples were collected during year 2007 and were analyzed physicochemically and microbiologically. Physicochemical characterization of the discharges showed that all measured parameters were complied with the environmental limits of both Qatar and GCC laws except turbidity and total suspended solids. The values of total and fecal coliform were higher than the permissible limits for Qatar and GCC environmental laws. The Physico-chemical characterization of the sea water samples collected from different sites around the discharged points recorded higher total suspended solids than the permissible limits stated by the Qatari law while the other parameters were complying with the law. Total suspended solids were higher than the permissible limits in all marine water samples while samples around the discharges points were the highest. The excess of some parameters reported by the study is due to the state urbanization and constructions activities in general. An integrated management plan must be carried out by all governmental and non-governmental authorities to protect the groundwater and avoid the deterioration of marine water quality.
Journal of High Institute of Public Health
High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University
2357-0601
38
v.
1
no.
2008
54
76
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20867_2b60fd235284b133524f043e6782fe5c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2008.20867
Comparison of Standard Methods, MTF, and MF, by the Colilert Rapid Test for the Enumeration of Coliform Bacteria in High Salinity Water, Arabian Gulf, Doha, Qatar
Magda
EL-Magharaby
Department of Environmental Health (Division of Environmental Chemistry) and Biology, High Institute of Public Health), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
author
text
article
2008
eng
Colilert Rapid test was compared with the traditional methods (multiple tube fermentation (MTF) and Membrane filtration (MF)) to enumerate total and fecal coliform in marine water. Colilert method is based on specific indicator nutrients: ONPG and MUG for the target microbes, and chemically suppresses non-coliform bacterial growth. It is more rapid, providing results in as little as 18 h compared to the 24–96 h required for traditional methods. The results reported that Colilert method was more sensitive in detecting fecal coliform than the traditional methods (MTF and MF). No significance difference between it and MF in enumeration of total coliform. While, there were significant differences with both MF and MTF in enumeration of fecal coliform. It was more close to MF than MTF. The study recommended MF technique for detecting and enumerating coliform bacteria in marine water due to the high values of false positive results detected by Colilert method.
Journal of High Institute of Public Health
High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University
2357-0601
38
v.
1
no.
2008
77
90
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20868_f3992217eda7f69cc66230af8a0e0467.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2008.20868
Chemical Evaluation for Western Coast of Mediterranean Sea in Egypt
Hoda
Hemaida
National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
author
Rokaya
Goma
National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
author
Laila
Shakweer
National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
author
text
article
2008
eng
Water pH, dissolved oxygen, oxidizable organic matter, as well as nutrient salts (NH4, NO2, NO3, PO4, and SiO4) were studied in the water of western coast of the Mediterranean Sea in Egypt (west of Alexandria) at different depths ranging from 0-200 m depth for inshore and offshore stations during winter (31 January to 5 February) and summer (3-10 September), 2006. During the last three decades, many touristic cities were constructed along the study coastal area. These coastal areas are exhibiting sings of stress, population pressures, and coastal development may lead to: declining fisheries, proliferation of harmful algal blooms nourished by sewage and agricultural run off close to beaches harming fish and causing health problems. Thus, this paper aimed to assess the eutrophication level in the study area.
Journal of High Institute of Public Health
High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University
2357-0601
38
v.
1
no.
2008
91
109
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20872_9f708ebd816fd8600da3a6aaa88c4c7a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2008.20872
Epidemiological Study of Children with Development Coordination Disorders
Faten
Abd El-Latif
Department of Child Health, Kindergarten Faculty, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
author
Hala
Elgrawany
Department of Child Health, Kindergarten Faculty, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
author
Ibrahim
El-Sawy
Department of Sports Psychology, Kindergarten Faculty, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
author
text
article
2008
eng
The objectives of the study is to determine the epidemiology of dyspraxia among preschool children in Alexandria. Method of the study: a case control study was designed. The sample of the study was 33 children (26 ♂ and 7 ♀) with dyspraxia and 33 normal children as a control. Both groups were subjected to the followings a) screening phase, b) developmental assessment and, c) clinical assessment. The results: Males are significantly affected more than females (p= 0.037). Prematurity (p= 0.012), allergic disease (p= 0.004), and positive family history (p= 0.000) are significant factors for dyspraxia. Dyspraxic children have significantly behavior problems (p=0.008), speech disturbance (p=0.000), and lack of imaginative play (p<0.0001). Conclusion dyspraxia is more common in males than females. Behaviour problems, speech disturbance and lack of imaginative play are more common in dysproaxic.
Journal of High Institute of Public Health
High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University
2357-0601
38
v.
1
no.
2008
110
125
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20874_076ab96d8c9f9d6a2902de8203ee8175.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2008.20874
Needle Stick Injuries among Health Care Workers of Alexandria University Hospitals
Manal
Hanafi
Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
author
Aida
Mohamed
Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
author
Mohamed
Kassem
Department of Obestetric and Gyneacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
author
Mona
Shawki
Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
author
text
article
2008
eng
Background: Needle stick injury has been recognized as one of the occupational hazards which results in transmission of blood borne pathogens. As there was limited data on the national level about these injuries determinants of such injuries are important to investigate and to design effective prevention programs. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and circumstances of needle stick injuries among heath care personnel working at Alexandria University hospitals. Effectiveness of the existing control measures and practice of standard precautions were also assessed. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 913 health care workers (HCW) in different clinical departments of the three teaching hospitals from January to December 2007. Data were obtained by an anonymous, self-reporting questionnaire. Health Belief Model (HBM) was used to explain standard precautions practice. Multiple linear regression was performed to predict factors associated with the practice of standard precautions. Results: Of the recruited participants, 70.6% (645/913) had completed the questionnaires. Nurses had the highest response rate (92.5%). More than two thirds (68.0%, n=438) of participating HCWs had sustained at least one needle stick injury in the last 12 months. Risk of (Needle Stick Injuries (NSIs) was significantly associated with younger age of the participants and fewer years of work experience. More specifically, of all occupational groups, nurses have the highest risk to experience needle stick injuries (62.3%). Disposable syringes accounted for 38.4% ofinjuries. Most needle stick injuries (36.5%) occurred at the patient's ward. Evaluating the kind of activity under which the needle stick injury occurred, on average 36.0% of injuries occurred during recapping of a needle especially if this practice was handily done. High risk patients (one with a history of infection with HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or injection drug use) were involved in 8.2% of injuries. The majority of NSIs (73.1%) occurred at end of the shift. Most health care workers (77.4%) were mentally distressed during their injury. Factors increase possibility of infection transmission were the procedure involving a needle placed directly in patient’s vein or artery, exposure to a source patient who had evidence of blood borne infection, low immune status of the HCW (i.e., no vaccination with HBV), deep injury, and lack use of personal protective equipment. A total of 327 respondents (74.7%) did not report the injury to an employee health service. Lack knowledge of appropriate procedure after injury was the most common cited reason for not reporting the injury. The survey revealed that use of preventive measures was inadequate. Only 10.0% of all participant workers knew new needless safety devices. The significant protective factors that decreased the frequency of needle stick injuries were using devices with safety features (OR=0.41), satisfactory adherence of a health care worker to infection control guidelines (OR=0.42), having training in injection safety and appropriate work practices (OR=0.14), comfortable room temperature during injection (OR=0.32), and availability of written protocol for prompt reporting of such injuries (OR=0.37). The mean standard precautions practice percent score for the health care workers was 46.32%. In multiple linear regression model, knowledge score of infection transmission (adjβ: 0.18) and the work experience (adjβ: 0.06) were the only significant predictors of standard precautions score. Conclusion: There is a high rate of needlestick injuries in the daily routine of Alexandria teaching hospitals with subsequent risk of infection transmission. Greater collaborative efforts are needed to prevent needlestick injuries. Such efforts are best accomplished through a comprehensive program that addresses all circumstances that contribute to the occurrence of needlestick injuries in health care workers. Critical to this effort is the elimination of needle use where safe and effective alternatives are available and the continuing development, evaluation, and use of needle devices with safety features. All such approaches must include serious initial and ongoing training efforts.
Journal of High Institute of Public Health
High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University
2357-0601
38
v.
1
no.
2008
126
153
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20873_273285e94a8e6a52869533d3a3c8c1ee.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2008.20873
Pefloxacin Residues in Tissues and Organs of Treated Rabbits
Mona
Abou El-Nil
Department of Food Hygiene, Animals Health Institute, Alexandria, Egypt
author
text
article
2008
eng
Thirty balady rabbits of both sexes (weighing 1.5-2 Kg wt) were used for studding pefloxacin residues. The effect of heat treatment and freezing on the presence of these residues were also studied. The drug was injected intramuscularly (10 mg/Kg body weight) for 5 successive days. Animals were slaughtered at different intervals, samples from shoulder, thigh, back muscle, liver, and kidneys were examined. Parts of samples from animals slaughtered at 12 hr, 24 hr, 48 hr, 72 hr, and 96 hr after treatment, were examined for presence of drug residues and then boiled for 45 minutes and tested while the rest of these samples were frozen and examined weekly for presence of tested drug using HPLC. The result showed that pefloxacin highest concentration level was detected in kidneys at 12 hr from last dose (28.32±2.261 µg/g) and decreased till not detected at 144hr followed by liver (26.32±2.31 µg/g) then shoulder muscle (18.21±1.011 µg/g) and its level showed significant decrease at (p< 0.05) till not detected at 72 hr. concentration level showed in shoulder muscle, thigh and back muscles was (18.21±1.11, 13.5±1.023, 12.6±1.031 µg/g). Regarding the effect of boiling of the drug in kidney sample it is evident that pefloxacin concentration was decreased from 28.32 ±2.261 to 16.516 ±0.421 µg/g). Such decrease was detected in the samples examined at the following hours until disappeared. Meanwhile frozen kidneys sample at -10°C showed significant decrease after 1st week and decreased till not detected at 5th week (14.240±0.351, 6.425±0.052, 1.253±0.322 µg/g) followed by liver (4.250±0.33, 2.872±0.251, 1.205±0.158, 0.38±0.241 µg/g).
Journal of High Institute of Public Health
High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University
2357-0601
38
v.
1
no.
2008
154
167
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20875_d13af677393010a8a95da7a0a6778a3e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2008.20875
Evaluation of Chemical Quality of Camel’s and Cow’s Milk with Special Reference to Some Heavy Metal Residues
Thanae
Amin
Food Hygiene, Animal Health Research Institute, Alexandria, Egypt
author
Mervate
Ibrahim
Food Hygiene, Animal Health Research Institute, Alexandria, Egypt
author
Mona
Abou El Nile
Food Hygiene, Animal Health Research Institute, Alexandria, Egypt
author
Takwa
Esmail
Animal Health Research Institute, Esmalia Laboratory, Egypt
author
text
article
2008
eng
In Egypt, several detailed studies have been carried out on chemical quality and composition of buffalo, cow, and goat milk but it is rare for camel milk. Consequently, the present study was carried out to evaluate the chemical quality and composition of protein, fat, and minerals of camel’s milk compared to cow’s milk to fill the gap in this respect, monitoring the level of heavy metals residues to ensure the availability of these milk for consumption. Random fifty milk samples collected from healthy camel and cow at Marsa Matrouh and Alexandria Governorates. The samples were analysed for titratable acidity, pH and acid values as a chemical quality index. Also, for total protein, fat, Ash, Cholesterol content, amino acids and fatty acid pattern, minerals, and some heavy metal residues. The obtained results revealed high chemical quality index of camel’s and cow’s milk. Total percentage of fat, protein, ash and cholesterol content were (4.6, 2.72, 0.79% and 9 mg/100 ml) and were (3.7, 3.5, 0.8%, and 5.5 mg/100ml) for camel’s and cow’s milk, respectively Amino acids pattern showed higher significant percentage of threonine, serine, glutamic, proline, cystine, methionine, leucine, histidine, lysine, ammonia, and total essential amino acids in camel’s milk. Tyrosine and isoleucine in cow’s milk showed highly significant percentage. Fatty acids profile showed the presence of 11 various fatty acids, in camel’s milk and 13 in cow’s milk, respectively. Butyric (C4:0) and Caproic acids (C6:0) were not detected in camel’s milk, and pentadeconoic acid (C15:0) was not detected in cow’s milk. Short chain fatty acids showed significantly higher percentage in cow’s milk but medium chain of high nutritive value also, linoleaic and linoleic acids which have potential health benefits and have potent anticarcinogenic effect were significantly higher in camel’s milk. Minerals concentration (Fe, Mg, Ca, P, Na, and K) showed insignificantly higher camel’s than cow’s milk. Heavy metal residues declared that cow’s milk showed significant higher concentration of zinc, cobalt, lead, and chromium than camel’s milk with mean values (100.02, 11.792, 8.038, and 0.98mg/kg), respectively. Generally, 100% of cow’s milk samples exceeded permissible limit of lead, zinc and Cadmium percentage in cow’s and camel’s milk exceeding permissible limit in (80%, 20%) of samples, respectively.
Journal of High Institute of Public Health
High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University
2357-0601
38
v.
1
no.
2008
168
187
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20877_63afe2b4bf90998ade0eb59e38934392.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2008.20877
Ghrelin Arg51Gln Polymorphism in Egyptian Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Amina
El-Gezeery
Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
author
Ebtesam
Abdalla
Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
author
Mohamed
Mokhtar
Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
author
Gihan
Khalil
Department of Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
author
text
article
2008
eng
Background/Objective: Ghrelin is a peptide hormone known to play a role in glucose homeostasis; therefore, functional variants of the human ghrelin gene could contribute to the genetic susceptibility to diabetes or may modulate some aspects of the glucose intolerance phenotype. The study aimed at investigating the differences in the frequencies of Arg51Gln polymorphisms among Egyptian patients with type II diabetes and healthy control subjects and at verifying whether this polymorphism could influence the diabetes phenotype. Methods: One-hundred-four Egyptian type II diabetic patients attending the Medical Research Institute were enrolled into the study. Clinical data concerning medical and family history were collected by a clinical interview. Another group of 100 non-diabetic apparently healthy subjects were included to compare the Arg51Gln genotypes frequencies. The ghrelin Arg51Gln polymorphism was studied by PCR restriction fragment lengthpolymorphism method in the diabetic and control subjects. The metabolic profile of the diabetic patients was also analyzed. A X2 test was adopted to compare the ghrelin Arg51Gln genotype and allele frequencies among the two groups. Moreover, in order to test whether the differences in phenotypic variables between the patient groups were influenced by ghrelin genotype, ANOVA test was performed. Results: The frequency of the 51gln heterozygotes and homozygotes were significantly higher in the patients’ group than in the control sample (X2 =8.962, p= 0.0113). The 51gln allele frequency was higher in the patients than in the control group (q=0.27 and q=0.14, respectively); a difference that was found statistically significant (X2 =5.185, p= 0.022). The fasting blood sugar and triglycerides levels were higher in patients carrying the ghrelin 51Gln allele than in those with the wild allele (statistically significant, p=0.014 and p=0.004, respectively). No statistically significant difference was observed between the total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol concentrations among these two groups. Conclusions: There is a significant positive association between ghrelin 51Gln polymorphism and type II diabetes in the Egyptian population. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the role of ghrelin in the development of thisdisease.
Journal of High Institute of Public Health
High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University
2357-0601
38
v.
1
no.
2008
188
199
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20880_067e1e41c344971f53869ae17b6aae31.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2008.20880
Effect of Implementing Nursing Guidelines on Occurrence of Deep Venous Thrombosis for Critically Ill Patients
Naglaa
El-Rashedy
Department of Critical Care Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
author
Nagwa
Reda
Department of Critical Care Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
author
Mogedda
Mehany
Department of Critical Care Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
author
text
article
2008
eng
Background: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a major health problem that results in significant morbidity and mortality for the critically ill patients in the critical care units. It was documented that DVT occurs in about two million Americans each year, whereas pulmonary embolism (PE) as a complication of DVT causes approximately 50.000 to 60.000 deaths. Moreover, it was revealed by a study done in Assuit University Hospital that out of 220 surgical patients, 12 (5%) died with pulmonary embolism as a complication of DVT. Other research done at Alexandria University in El-Hadra Hospital on 50 orthopedic patients revealed that seven patients were detected with DVT. The critical care nurses are the key players in the prevention of DVT and its complications. They are in the ideal position to asses' patient risk factors early and ask for DVT prophylaxis. Objective: the current study was carried out to evaluate the effect of implementing nursing guidelines on the occurrence of DVT for critically ill patients. Methods: Four critical care unites were used to collect the data for this study at Assuit University Hospital, sixty critically ill patients were included in this study, they were divided into two groups G1 (control group) and G2 (interventional group) 30 patients each. Two tools were used to collect the data of this study. Tool one: "Patient’s assessment for DVT, and Tool two: the "DVT evaluation sheet". Results and conclusion: Findings of the current study revealed low incidence of DVT for the global sample, only two patients experienced DVT in the control group, and none of the interventional group experienced DVT. Moreover, it was observed that the preventive measures of DVT done by the critical care nurses for the control group using non-pharmacological and mechanical methods were not adequately performed. In addition, it was found that all the studied patients of control group did not wear the elastic stocking, while small proportion of this group performed leg exercises, changed their position, did deep breathing, and coughing exercises, and transfer on the chair. It was observed that most of the studied patients experienced low percent of DVT manifestations with no statistically significant difference between the both groups. The present study revealed also that nearly half of the studied patients were in moderate & high risk grades for DVT in the both groups. Recommendations: based on the current study findings it can be recommended that this research should be repeated on a large sample size and in multi centers for generalization. Moreover, training programs should be established to update critical care nurses' knowledge and skills about DVT preventive measures, and how to use the technical skills to assess the occurrence of DVT using the evidence base nursing and medicine.
Journal of High Institute of Public Health
High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University
2357-0601
38
v.
1
no.
2008
200
228
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20883_eec937ea73941cf425ae7beffb3320f8.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2008.20883
Effectiveness of Home Blood Glucose Monitoring on Controlling Type II Diabetes Mellitus in Two University Hospitals, Riyadh
Ensaf
Abdel Gawwad
Applied Medical Sciences College, KSU
author
Randa
Nooh
Field Epidemiology Training Program, Faculty of Medicine; King Saud Medical City, MOH, Yamama Hospital, MOH; Saudi Arabia
author
Aziza
Donques
Field Epidemiology Training Program, Faculty of Medicine; King Saud Medical City, MOH, Yamama Hospital, MOH; Saudi Arabia
author
Badria
Al-Malki
Field Epidemiology Training Program, Faculty of Medicine; King Saud Medical City, MOH, Yamama Hospital, MOH; Saudi Arabia
author
Moustafa
Nour El-Din
Department of Health Administration and behavioral Science (Hospital Management Division), High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Egypt
author
text
article
2008
eng
Background: Home glucose monitoring is an opportunity for patients with type II diabetes to control their own blood glucose and health, testing blood glucose at home helps to prevent the immediate and potentially serious consequences of very high or very low blood glucose levels. Objectives: This study aimed at ascertaining diabetic patients' performance of home blood glucose monitoring (SMBG), its perceived benefits, and its effectiveness in controlling type II diabetes mellitus. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on a 300 type II diabetic patients who follow up in the diabetes clinics at two university hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected through a structured interview questionnaire and records review. Results: Out of the total 300 diabetic patients, 145 (48.3%) use SMBG and 51.7% of them used it according to the doctors advice, and 52.4% of them checked it by themselves. Only 55.2% received education about use SMBG. Educational level and employment were significantly related to SMBG. Most of the patients (66.3%) who had SMBG presented with normal HbA1c range (OR=4.86, 95% CI= 2.37-10.28). Conclusion: The study provides a proof supporting effectiveness of SMBG for diabetic patients, however, it recommends to launch further indepth research to provide evidence about the effectiveness of self-monitoring and identify patients who might derive most benefit from different forms of blood glucose monitoring.
Journal of High Institute of Public Health
High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University
2357-0601
38
v.
1
no.
2008
229
242
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20884_799e73b48fa9438fc4458380eae8022f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2008.20884
Assessment of Antibilharzial and Biochemical Effects of Triclabendazol in Experimental Schistomiasis
Nadia
Abou El-Ela
Tropical Health Department (Division of Vector Control and Pesticides Risks), High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
author
Hanan
Farouk
Tropical Health Department Parasitology and Medical Entomology), High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
author
Engy
El-Komy
Tropical Health Department Parasitology and Medical Entomology), High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
author
Rashida
Barakat
Tropical Health Department Parasitology and Medical Entomology), High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
author
text
article
2008
eng
Schistomiasis is one of the major public health problems, and for more than two decades Praziquntel (PZQ) has remained the drug of choice for its treatment. However, studies proved that reliance on one drug raised the concern of development of tolerance or even resistance. The present work aimed at studying the effect of different schedules of the flukicidal drug triclabendazole (TCBZ), in a dose of 120mg/kg body weight, on Schistoma mansoni worm load, female fecundity and egg deposition in liver and intestine of infected mice, and at studying its biochemical toxic effects on some liver enzymes activities.The present findings indicated that the administration of TCBZ to mice infected with Egyptian S.mansoni strain was not effective except when the drug was given after the start of egg shedding in the stools. However, the antischitosomal effect was moderate as the results showed 50% reduction in worm burden and around 40% reduction in liver and intestinal egg loads. On the other hand, the impact on oogram pattern was not clear except regarding the percentage of dead ova which was much higher than the corresponding control. As regards the biochemical parameters studied, no change in the activity of all tested enzymes was observed. However, animals which received two doses of the drug after the start of egg shedding exhibited 24% reduction in alanine transaminase (ALT) activity. In conclusion, our results indicated that, still, there is no alternative to prazquantel and there is an urgent need for discovery of new antischistosomal drugs. In addition studying different combinations and schedules of the already available drugs as artemether and TCBZ is recommended.
Journal of High Institute of Public Health
High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University
2357-0601
38
v.
1
no.
2008
243
259
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20885_b8718cef8d1a6a4116a1167b5293a6d4.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2008.20885