@article { author = {Rabah, Danny}, title = {Determinants of Primary Care Physicians’ Practice of Prostate Cancer Counseling and Screening}, journal = {Journal of High Institute of Public Health}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {1-8}, year = {2010}, publisher = {High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University}, issn = {2357-0601}, eissn = {2357-061X}, doi = {10.21608/jhiph.2010.20584}, abstract = {Objective: The objective was to examine practices of primary care physicians and their determinants towards prostate cancer screening. Methods: Data was obtained from 204 primary care physicians using self-reports of prostate cancer screening practices, knowledge, and attitudes towards prostate cancer screening. Results: nearly half of the respondent (54.7%) were practicing counseling and referring prostate cancer patients. The mean correct knowledge score was 54.3%, the physicians’ attitude was not strong; the only statement that nearly seventy percent of physicians agreed upon was about the value of screening, however, the reliability and evidence to support DRE & PSA were in question. Knowledge and attitude were found to be the most significant predictors that determine physicians’ self practice. Conclusion: Background information and attitudes are important determinants of physicians’ practice behavior towards prostate cancer counseling and referral in our study.}, keywords = {Primary Care Physicians,Prostate Cancer,counseling,Screening}, url = {https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20584.html}, eprint = {https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20584_9c1049a56a72124f22b5d705df7bf777.pdf} } @article { author = {Ezzat, Sally}, title = {A Study of The Dietary Pattern, Nutrients Intake and Nutritional Status of Elderly in Alexandria}, journal = {Journal of High Institute of Public Health}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {9-23}, year = {2010}, publisher = {High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University}, issn = {2357-0601}, eissn = {2357-061X}, doi = {10.21608/jhiph.2010.20585}, abstract = {Background: Malnutrition is a common public health problem in the elderly and is often associated with increased morbidity and reduced quality of life. Objective: This study was initiated to investigate the nutritional status, nutrients intake and dietary pattern of elderly males and females in Alexandria. Methods: The sample of the study was taken from two elderly clubs and two social clubs and included 131 males and 116 female aged 60 years and over. Each subject was privately interviewed to collect information on socio-demographic data, dietary pattern, appetite status and causes of its loss, nutrition related problems, preferred and avoided foods. The nutritional status was assessed by measuring height and weight that were used for the calculation of the BMI. The daily nutrients intake was assessed using the 24 hours dietary recall method. Results: The results show that underweight was more prevalent among males (34.3%) while overweight and obesity were more  prevalent among females. Obesity was also more prevalent among high income group (21.6%) while underweight was highly prevalent among low income elderly (35.2%). The nutrient density was acceptable with proteins providing around 12% of the caloric intake, fats around 28% and carbohydrates provided around 60% of the calories. A high proportion of males (31.27%) received less than two third of the energy RDAs, while 39.7% and 31.6% of the females received less than 67% of the iron and calcium requirements. Occasional and frequent loss of appetite was more common among females and was mostly induced by social factors (33.8%), health problems (30.9%) and emotional stress (19.1%) . Shopping for food represented a major problem for the elderly (27.1%) followed by chewing problem (23.5%), self feeding (20.7%) and recent weight loss (17.4%). The results show that more males (29.8%) were consuming special diet as compared with females (19.8%). The majority of the females consumed two meals daily (37.1%) while 57.3% of the males consumed three meals daily. Vitamin and mineral supplement were most common among the elderly. Animal protein and fruits were the most preferred foods and vegetables (23.1%), spicy foods (19.4%) and fried foods (19.0%) were the most avoided foods. Conclusion: The results confirm that both undernutrition, overweight and obesity are prevalent among the elderly and are associated with inadequate dietary food intake and poor dietary pattern which necessitates the planning and implementation of a nutrition intervention program to improve the nutritional status of the elderly.  }, keywords = {Dietary Pattern,Elderly,alexandria}, url = {https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20585.html}, eprint = {https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20585_aa4c87df737a62024e468c084139e25a.pdf} } @article { author = {Mousa, Ibrahim and El-Rakshy, Nihal}, title = {Assessment of Mahmoudia Canal and Drinking Water Nitrogen Forms Following Some Corrective Actions}, journal = {Journal of High Institute of Public Health}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {24-40}, year = {2010}, publisher = {High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University}, issn = {2357-0601}, eissn = {2357-061X}, doi = {10.21608/jhiph.2010.20587}, abstract = {The Nile is the main source of drinking water in Egypt. Alexandria water Company (AWCO) depends on the surface water only as canals fed by the Nile River. AWCO has 8 water treatment plants (WTP), 6 of which are located on Mahmoudia canal. AWCO has a monthly comprehensive program to survey canals supplying water to Alexandria water treatment plants (WTP), where all parameters of Mahmoudia canal and drain discharges are measured. This study was carried out during the period from March 2008 to Jan. 2010 and the program is still implemented until now. AWCO regularly monitors the water quality in the canals in the Rosetta branch of the Nile, all the way up to the Delta Barrage near Cairo. The water quality in Mahmoudia canal is stable at a manageable level. The raw water of WTPs has faced serious problems that are affected by the increasing free ammonia and nitrite in winter season. Many corrective steps (hourly free ammonia detection, break point of chlorination and prefiltration powdered activated carbon installation) were taken to overcome these problems. The main objective of this study was to identify long term feasible solutions for the drinking water quality problems on the basis of physical and chemical water parameters. The which are corrective actions had reduced the free ammonia values by more than 75% for WTPs distributed drinking water all over the years.  }, keywords = {Canal water,Drinking water,nitrogen forms treatment}, url = {https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20587.html}, eprint = {https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20587_3ba7a7475e28b986bc31a079206013b1.pdf} } @article { author = {El Kady, Hadir and El-Shazly, Soryia and Omar, Abeer and El Sahn, Amel and Madkour, Ahmed}, title = {Bacterial and Parasitic Profile of Acute Infectious Pediatric Diarrhoea and the Role of Faecal Screening Tests in Prediction of The Invasive Type of Diarrhoea}, journal = {Journal of High Institute of Public Health}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {41-58}, year = {2010}, publisher = {High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University}, issn = {2357-0601}, eissn = {2357-061X}, doi = {10.21608/jhiph.2010.20588}, abstract = {Background: Diarrhoea is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Faecal screening methods as detection of faecal leucocytes, faecal lactoferrin and faecal occult blood, have diagnostic and therapeutic implications in the provisional diagnosis of invasive diarrhea before culture results made available. Objective: The aim of this work was to outline the bacterial and parasitic profile of acute pediatric diarrhoea and to evaluate faecal screening tests in preliminary diagnosis of invasive diarrhoea. Methods: Three hundred children under five years of age, suffering from acute diarrhoea (Results: Forty eight percent of samples were positive for enteric pathogens. Enteric bacterial pathogens were isolated from 25% of samples. Parasites 29% and mixed bacterial and parasitic infections were detected in 6% of samples.  Enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC) was the most common bacterial isolate detected in10% of samples, followed by Salmonella (8%), Shigella (6.67%) Campylobacter (5%) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (1.33%). Cryptosporidium was the most commonly identified parasite (13%) followed by Giardi lamblia (11%), Entamoeba histolytica (8%) and Cyclospora cayetanensis (3%). Ascaris lumbricoides and Haeminolipus nana were only identified in 1% of samples, each. The gold standard for evaluation of faecal screening tests was positive culture for invasive bacterial pathogens and/or positive E. histolytica on microscopic examination of stool samples. Leuko test had the highest sensitivity (85.54%), specificity (73.73%), positive predictive value (55.47%), negative predictive value (93.02%) and accuracy (77%). False positive results of the Leuko-test were significantly higher in the breast-fed children than non breast-fed ones (26.7%, 11.7% respectively, p < 0.01). Better sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the Leuko-test was recorded in the non breast-fed children than in the breast-fed ones. The recorded values in the first group were: 91.11%.83.64%, 69.5% and 95.83%, respectively compared to 78.95%, 63.55%, 43.48% and 89.47%, respectively in the second group. Conclusion: The study concluded that, Leuko test is the best applicable faecal screening test in differentiation of invasive and non invasive diarrhoea but is better avoided in breast-fed infants as many false positive results might be interpreted.}, keywords = {Faecal Screening,Infectious Diarrhoea,Invasive Diarrhoea}, url = {https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20588.html}, eprint = {https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20588_5dbd2aefdbcbbf52dfbee84382c9f2dc.pdf} } @article { author = {El Kady, Heba and El Nossery, Sherein and Ayoub, Abla and Kamal, Moufida}, title = {Health Related Behavior of Middle Aged Attending Out Patient Clinics in Alexandria}, journal = {Journal of High Institute of Public Health}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {59-85}, year = {2010}, publisher = {High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University}, issn = {2357-0601}, eissn = {2357-061X}, doi = {10.21608/jhiph.2010.20589}, abstract = {Background: Aging is a lifelong process where early and mid-life events and behaviors have an important influence on the health and functions of individuals as they age. Adoption of a healthy lifestyle is important at all stages of life particularly the middle age. Physical activity, proper nutrition, social engagement, avoiding risky behaviors as smoking, and practicing health seeking behavior can prevent diseases and functional decline at any age. Health related behaviors are affected by the wider range of factors as the environment in which elders live, their values, beliefs, traditions, and education. Knowledge about the benefits of healthy lifestyle is a crucial motivation to achieve successful active aging. Objective: This study aimed to assess the health related behaviors among the middle aged and evaluate their knowledge about the impact of health related behaviors upon successful active aging. Methods: The sample included 400 cases attending four outpatient clinics in Alexandria during the scheduled visits and fulfilling the inclusion criteria: age 50 to 60 years, and acceptance to participate in the study. Data was collected using a structured interview sheet to obtain information about the general characteristics of the elderly, assessment of their functional abilities, and knowledge and practice of health related behaviors. Results: The results revealed that the total score of practicing and knowledge of health related behavior was bad among the majority of cases.}, keywords = {Health Behavior,Middle Aged,alexandria}, url = {https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20589.html}, eprint = {https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20589_d00a8ed63eff699442b3c6fc128333a1.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Mossalami, Hanaa and Hamed, Nevein}, title = {Prevalence of both Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Raw milk and Soft cheese}, journal = {Journal of High Institute of Public Health}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {86-101}, year = {2010}, publisher = {High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University}, issn = {2357-0601}, eissn = {2357-061X}, doi = {10.21608/jhiph.2010.20591}, abstract = {A total of 125 random samples of raw milk and soft cheese (25 each) of cow's milk, sheep's milk, goat's milk, kareish cheese and Domiati cheese samples were collected from different markets and shops in Alexandria city, Egypt and examined for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae as food poisoning and mastitis causing organisms. The incidence of Staphylococcus aureus in examined samples were 28, 36, 40, 20 and 16% in the examined cow's milk, sheep's milk, goat's milk, kareish cheese and Domiati cheese, respectively.  Streptococcus agalactiae was detected in 16, 20, 24, 12 and 4% of the examined samples, respectively. Streptococcus agalactiae was identified using primers V1 and V2, specific to rRNA as an early diagnosis of subclinical mastitis using, PCR technique. The sanitary and public health importance of these organisms as well as control measures to improve the quality of dairy products and to safeguard the consumers from infection were discussed.}, keywords = {Streptococcus agalactiae,Staphylococcus aureus,Raw milk,Soft cheese}, url = {https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20591.html}, eprint = {https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20591_345c73a205bd91b9abce680d9fc39818.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahmed, Amal and Nour, Wafaa}, title = {Self-management among Heart Failure Patients}, journal = {Journal of High Institute of Public Health}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {102-121}, year = {2010}, publisher = {High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University}, issn = {2357-0601}, eissn = {2357-061X}, doi = {10.21608/jhiph.2010.20592}, abstract = {Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe heart failure patient's abilities to manage their disease.  A descriptive correlational design was used in this study. Methods: A convenient sample of 120 adult patients with heart failure was surveyed using Self-Management of Heart Failure Tool as well as, the New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification to measure their functional status. Results: The findings of this study showed that sixty percent of patient's age ranged from 50 to less than 60 years. Men accounted for 66.7 % of the patient population and 33.3% were women. Most participants were married. The study revealed that recognizing a change in signs and symptoms was positively correlated with both implementing and evaluating treatment with statistical significance. In addition the results showed the statistical significant differences between levels of patients' education and both implementing and evaluating treatment. Finally, statistically significant differences were found between functional status of patients and their ability to recognize change as well as evaluate treatment. Conclusion: Findings of this study highlight the need for using the self management heart failure tool in practice to direct the medical and nursing staff towards the specific problem area for each patient.}, keywords = {self management,Heart failure}, url = {https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20592.html}, eprint = {https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20592_041f018e4f29955fae9e741788a75704.pdf} } @article { author = {Ibrahim, Hala and Fahmy, Sawsan and Tayel, Kholoud and AL Dubhani, Afrah}, title = {Role of the Nurse in Maintaining Healthy Physical Environment in Primary Schools in Alexandria}, journal = {Journal of High Institute of Public Health}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {122-144}, year = {2010}, publisher = {High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University}, issn = {2357-0601}, eissn = {2357-061X}, doi = {10.21608/jhiph.2010.20594}, abstract = {Background: Healthy school physical environment affects the day to day health and well being of the students. It should be organized in a way that reduces or eliminates safety hazards for all students and school personnel. The nurse collaborates with other school members to provide effective intervention to prevent the exposure of students to potentially physically harmful conditions. They must have the educational knowledge and background to be actively involved in promoting a safe healthy school environment. Objectives: The present study aimed to know the role of the nurse in maintaining the healthy physical environment in primary schools in Alexandria. Methods: The study was conducted at the governmental primary schools in the seven educational zones. The study included all nurses working in 350 primary schools. The study was fulfilled through a cross-sectional approach. Results: A total number of 251 nurses accepted to be included in the study, their mean age were 45.87±10.61 years, the majority of them (89.2%) were married and had children, about 57.0% had a certificate of health visitor diploma. The results showed that knowledge, attitudes and practices of nurses regarding maintaining healthy school physical environment are adequate in some aspects and inadequate in another. As regards knowledge, only one quarter of nurses has the required knowledge, while one third of them did not have enough knowledge. However, there were unsatisfactory attitudes and practices in maintaining healthy school physical environment. Conclusion: The study revealed that a significant positive relationship was found between knowledge of nurses and their qualifications and marital status.}, keywords = {school physical environment,Knowledge,Attitudes and Practices,of the school nurse}, url = {https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20594.html}, eprint = {https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20594_00ff4cc91e6bea12f34da3acfc1decc5.pdf} } @article { author = {Ragheb, Seham and El-Habashy, Maha and Abd El-khalik, Randa}, title = {Opinion of Women in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate Regarding Prohibition and Criminalization of Female Genital Cutting}, journal = {Journal of High Institute of Public Health}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {145-170}, year = {2010}, publisher = {High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University}, issn = {2357-0601}, eissn = {2357-061X}, doi = {10.21608/jhiph.2010.20595}, abstract = {Objective: The study aimed to identify the opinion of women regarding prohibition and criminalization of female genital cutting (FGC). Methods: The study was conducted at the five medical health centers located in at Kafr El-Sheikh governorate. A total of 250 women attending these centers were selected. Fifty women were selected from each center. An interview schedule was designed and used to collect data. It consists of three parts: the first part included socio-demographic characteristics, the second part entailed the women's knowledge about FGC, and third part contains the details of knowledge about and opinion of women regarding the law that prohibits and criminalizes FGC. Results: The main findings of the study revealed that more than one half (51.2 %) of the study sample were against prohibition and criminalization of FGC and  only 27.2 % agreed that it should be prohibited and criminalized, while 3.6 % were uncertain. Mass media was the main source of information about the law, yet, at certain times mass media messages were ambiguous. As a result only one fifth of the sample changed their opinion about FGC during the previous year.  }, keywords = {Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate,prohibition,Criminalization,Female Genital Cutting}, url = {https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20595.html}, eprint = {https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20595_cc63e23ec4a56589c7e54ad703167c67.pdf} } @article { author = {Abusaad, Fawzia and Tantawey, Nayera}, title = {Nurses Knowledge and Practice to Evidence-based Guidelines for the Prevention of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in Pediatric Intensive Care Units}, journal = {Journal of High Institute of Public Health}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {171-192}, year = {2010}, publisher = {High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University}, issn = {2357-0601}, eissn = {2357-061X}, doi = {10.21608/jhiph.2010.20596}, abstract = {Background: Ventilator associated pneumonia is the most common hospital-acquired infection among patients receiving mechanical ventilation in pediatric intensive care unit. Using an evidence based guidelines for the prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) are recommended. Objectives: to investigate nurses' knowledge and practice toward evidence-based guidelines for the prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia in pediatric intensive care units Methods: Aquasi- experimental pre-post intervention study was done on 51 nurses of different categories working in medical, neurology and surgical ICU at Mansoura University children's Hospital, Egypt. Three tools were used; An interview questionnaire sheetwas developed by the researcher in Arabic language. Nurses' knowledge of evidence-based guidelines for the prevention of VAP, multiple choice questionnaire and observational checklist for nurses' performance to ventilator bundles for VAP prevention. Results:  mean score level of nurses general knowledge about VAP, Knowledge of Evidence-based guidelines for VAP prevention and nurses performance to ventilator bundled for VAP prevention where the mean score were 8.6078±1.9908, 2.4706±1.3469, 2.1400±1.4287 respectively before program implementation compared to 12.1569±1.0464, 7.2941±1.7005, 5.5800±1.5265 respectively after program. There is a highly significant difference between nurses knowledge and practices to Evidence-based guidelines for prevention of VAP before and after the program (t= -11.059, -22.106, -13.796 and p = .000, 0.000, 0.000 respectively). Conclusion:  Adequate improvement in nurses' knowledge and practice after applied evidence based guidelines for prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia in pediatric intensive care unit.  }, keywords = {Evidence based guidelines,nurses knowledge and practice,pediatric intensive care,Ventilator Associated Pneumonia}, url = {https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20596.html}, eprint = {https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20596_7cc47a47ad81572f2baa1e2bb6d33ac8.pdf} }