ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Factors Associated with Maternal-infant Attachment One Month Postnatally
Background: maternal-infant attachment (MIA) or bonding is a vital process which has tremendous implications for both mother and infant and is affected by many factors. Identifying such factors enable healthcare staff to detect those mothers with bonding difficulties and in need of individualized attention during their postpartum period. Objectives: To identify factors associated with MIA one month after child birth. Methods: We executed a cross-sectional descriptive study that included a convenience sample of 150 postnatal women attending El Shatby Maternity University hospital in Alexandria, free of any medical condition and willing to participate in the study. A structured validated interview questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic characteristics, reproductive history and the MIA Scale. Results: A month after delivery, 48(32%), 31(20.7%) and 71(47.3%) of mothers respectively had negative, unclear and positive MIA. Positive MIA was significantly more among educated (50.8%), employed (52.7%), socially supported (61.1%), primigravidous (60.7%) and primiparous (58%) mothers having urban residency (53%), full-term (54.2%) breast fed (61.3%) boy (63.5%), planned pregnancy (58.4%) and no history of abortion (52.7%) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Bonding is significantly associated with maternal and infant factors. Maternal factors include women education, occupation, residence, social support, gravidity, parity, abortion and pregnancy planning status, whereas infant related factors included infant gender, feeding pattern, maturity and type of care received.
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20127_437fea15716d6ac212ef94b943432dce.pdf
2012-10-01
103
118
10.21608/jhiph.2012.20127
Mother-infant attachment
bonding
Postnatal period
Sahar
Rizk
1
Obstetric and Gynecologic Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Health-related Quality of Life of Young Women Heading their Families: A Community-based Study in El-Saida Zeinab
Background: Exposure of women to socioeconomic risks, as becoming the head of the family, could influence their life quality. Therefore, assessment of women’s needs in families headed by women (FHW)to achieve equity regarding health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is pivotal for stakeholders involved in women’s programs. Objective: to identify the predictors of HRQoL of young women heading their families versus young wives in families headed by men (FHM). Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study compared the HRQoL for two groups of women (age is 25-49 years); 200women heading their families (group 1) and 200 wives in FHM (group 2). The study was conducted in a randomly selected shiakha (El-Atrees Shiakha) in El-Saida Zeinab district in Cairo, Egypt using structured interview questionnaire form. Results: Women heading their families who had significantly (p< 0.05) lower mean HRQoL score compared to wives in FHM were those ≥35 years old, non-educated and those with history of early marriage (mean HRQoL scores ± standard deviations were 3.5±0.6, 3.5±0.56, 3.4±0.6 respectively). Conclusion: women having socioeconomic risks related to ‘non-education, young age at marriage and working in unstable jobs” were more vulnerable to suffer from low HRQoL upon exposure to the socioeconomic crises of becoming the head of the family.
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20128_0c3798f775126714b7f83b888ba70446.pdf
2012-10-01
119
135
10.21608/jhiph.2012.20128
Families Headed by Women
equity
Health related quality of life
Reproductive health
Age at Marriage
education
Madiha
Abdel-Razik
1
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nesreen
Kamal Elden
2
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Hoda
Rizk
3
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Ghada
Wahby
4
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Smoking Pattern among Attendants at the Family Medicine Clinics of Cairo University, Egypt
Background: Cigarette smoking is the prime cause of preventable disease and death worldwide. Objective: study the smoking pattern among the attendants at the family medicine outpatient clinics of Kasr Al-Ainy Teaching Hospitals, Cairo University. Methods: A cross-sectional study investigated the smoking pattern in a systematic random sample of 200(199 males + one female) smokers aging 16-79 years. After verbal consent, the participants were inquired about their demographic features, smoking motives (Horn questionnaire) and nicotine dependence (Fagerström questionnaire). Results: Most of participants were male (99.5%), married (79%), attracted to smoking by peer pressure (68%) & craving(93.5%) below the age of 18 years and for an average duration of 25 years (59%), highly nicotine dependent(59%) and referred to medication as the main method of smoking cessation (64.5%). Nicotine dependence was significantly associated with presence of smokers among family members or friends, previous attempt to quit smoking and addiction (p< 0.05). 73% of smokers tried, mostly self-motivated (98%), because of existing health problems (44.9%) and coping with stress from social & work problems (35.4%) to quit smoking 3 times before for an average duration of 5 months (73%). Conclusion: smoking seems peculiar to males, particularly married ones who often get motivated by craving and start smoking below 18 years. Starting smoking early in teenage might explain their high nicotine dependence and failure of quitting smoking. Therefore, smoking cessation program should be a top priority and targeted to prevent smoking in adolescence.
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20129_77a50244ea70b9f566c05070ce8292f8.pdf
2012-10-01
136
151
10.21608/jhiph.2012.20129
Smoking tendency
Smoking motivation
family medicine
Rehab
Abdelhai
1
Departments of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Maha
Mowafy
2
Departments of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Abdelrahman
El Naggar
3
Departments of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Sarah
Nader
4
Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Occupational Safety of Different Industrial Sectors in Khartoum State, Sudan Part 2: Analysis of Occupational Accidents
Background:Accident analysis is a tool which can be used to obtain accurate information about the combined accident factors that when fixed, prevent recurrence. It includes recording and documenting work-related injuries. It is carried out mainly for identifying unsafe working conditions and establishing program priorities. Objective:The study aimed to explore causes, factors, and out-comes of the occupational accidents during 2005-2007 in various industrial sectors of Khartoum State, Sudan. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, the sample of which was selected to include all injured workers during the period from 2005-2007 in the industrial enterprises employing 50+ workers in Khartoum State, Sudan. The data were collected by reviewing accident records of both enterprises and Administration of Industrial Safety and by direct interviewing the injured workers using pre-designed questionnaires. Results: The caught in or between things represented the highest accident incidence rate. The machines were the major cause of accidents in Omdurman locality. In addition; machines were the main cause of amputation, crushing and broken bones (86.8%, 44.4% and33.3%, respectively). Head injuries recorded the highest incidence rates in food and chemical industries. The defective or lack of appropriate equipment/tool recorded the highest percentage accidents in the engineering sector (58.6%)."Using defective equipment" and "failure to use the available equipment/tool" recorded the highest accidents' percentage in oils and soap industry (80%). Conclusion: The most frequent type of accident among injured workers in the different industrial sectors was the "caught in or between things" and the main cause of accidents was "machines. "Enhancement of occupational safety and health laws and regulations is recommended.
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20130_e9886c34c1752c048aecd08691a39501.pdf
2012-10-01
152
168
10.21608/jhiph.2012.20130
Accident analysis
accident type
unsafe acts
unsafe personal factors
unsafe workplace conditions
Fadia
El-Marakby
1
Occupational Hygiene and Air Pollution, Occupational Health and Air Pollution Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fatin
Nofal
2
Occupational Hygiene and Air Pollution, Occupational Health and Air Pollution Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
Gehan R
Zaki
3
Occupational Hygiene and Air Pollution, Occupational Health and Air Pollution Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
Adel
Zakaraya
4
Occupational Hygiene and Air Pollution, Occupational Health and Air Pollution Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
Yasser
Deign El-Nor
5
Occupational Safety and Health Department, Ministry of Health, Sudan
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Removal of Ammoniacal Nitrogen from Synthetic Wastewater Using Granular Activated Carbon and Limestone
Background: Discharging high concentrations of nitrogen compounds in industrial effluent such as those from fertilizer manufacturing plants can cause various environmental problems like eutrophication. Objective: to investigate the efficacy of the granular activated carbon (GAC) and limestone (LS) as low cost media in removing ammonium ions from aqueous solution. Methods: Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of GAC and different ratios of GAC and LS mixture in the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen. The investigated parameters included contact time, initial ammonium ion concentration, pH, and amount of adsorbent. The adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetic of ammonium ions by a mixture of GAC and limestone (LS) was studied. Results: The experiments showed that the efficacy of GAC alone on the adsorption of NH4-N was 95% at shaking time 150 min, agitation speed 210rpm, temperature 22ºC and pH 9. The efficacy of a mixture ratio LS: GAC (30:20) on the removal of NH4-N was 75%. Conclusions: The study concluded that the removal percentage of ammoniacal nitrogen by a mixture of lime stone and GAC increase with the increase of agitation time and decrease with the increase of initial concentration while alkaline pH was more favorable for the adsorption of ammoniacal nitrogen.
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20131_bf7974b8edaa7033dbc48a2320862ccb.pdf
2012-10-01
169
184
10.21608/jhiph.2012.20131
Adsorption
Ammoniacal nitrogen
Granular activated carbon
Lime stone
waste water
Riham
Hazzaa
1
Petrochemical Department, Faculty of Engineering, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Microbial Degradation of Sodium lauryl sulfate Using Bacterial Consortium Isolated from Coastline of Alexandria City
Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is an anionic surfactant that may easily find its way to seawater through domestic and industrial wastewater discharge. The current study was suggested to investigate its fate in relation to the ability of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from samples to degrade SLS surfactant. In addition, the different factors affecting the biodegradation process. Out of nine dominant marine bacteria, only three were able to degrade SLS successfully. They were characterized throughout morphological, biochemical and physiological features as; Enterobacter gergoviae, Enterobacter cloacae and Bacillus alvei. Our data confirmed that the biodegradability of consortium consisting of E. gergoviae, E .cloacae and B. alvei combination was more effective than that of the individuals. The increase in inoculum size, support the increase in the biodegradation. The 30ºC as an incubation temperature was the most effective temperature (98% biodegradation). The pH 9 was the optimum for the growth of consortium (E. gergoviae, E. cloacae and B. alvei) and consequently for biodegradation rate (96%). The pH level 7 was more or less near to optimum with biodegradation percentage (89.2%). Glucose as a carbon source and casein as a nitrogen source improved the biodegradation process to 91.9% and 90.3% respectively. The biodegradation percentages showed an inverse relationship between the increase in SLS mass and the extent of its degradation. Under these growth conditions a complete degradation of 1000 ppm SLS biomass was achieved with biodegradation percentage (45.5%). Such findings contribute to a better understanding the fate of the SLS in the aquatic environment.
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20132_1f583afff965eb74b9e90a46858be04f.pdf
2012-10-01
185
207
10.21608/jhiph.2012.20132
biodegradation
sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)
bacterial consortium
Hassan
Ibrahim
1
National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Microbiology laboratory, Alexandria, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hoda
Zahran
2
City of Scientific Researches and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mohammed
Youssef
3
Arab Academy of Science and Technology, Alexandria, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of the Current Situation of Cell Phone Waste in Egypt: Review Article
In the last decade, the total number of cellular phone (CP) subscribers in Egypt increased from only 654000 subscribers in October 1999 to 55.352 million in December 2009. Latest available data in February 2012 recorded 112.74 CP subscribers per 100 inhabitants. CPs are composed of a variety of materials containing toxic substances that have bad impacts on both health and environment when disposed of an incorrect manner. On the other hand, environmentally friendly cellular phone waste management system has many benefits. More than 70% of the CP can be recycled, one ton of this recycled waste can generate up to 230 grams of gold. This paper aims to assess the current situation of CP waste in Egypt. Published data were collected from concerned institutions of cellular phones in Egypt as: Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (MCIT), Ministry State of Environmental Affairs (MSEA), as well as regional and international ones as: Basal convention Regional office in Cairo (BCRC),The Center of Environment and Development for the Arab Region and Europe (CEDARE), world Bank (WB) and International Telecommunication Union (ITU).The study revealed that CP waste in Egypt is not well assessed. Few efforts were done to collect specific CP batteries, while efforts to manage other CP waste components were not satisfactory due to absence of facilities and expertise for proper dismantling, recycling and disposal of this precious yet hazardous waste. To conclude, there is a need for assessment of different types of electronic waste (e-waste) in general in Egypt. Establishing governmental and private partnership and a legal framework for e-waste trade in Egypt is recommended. Organizing awareness campaigns about e-waste is also needed.
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20133_9d79f801161ce30a673216cb58989ba9.pdf
2012-10-01
208
223
10.21608/jhiph.2012.20133
Cell phone penetration
Cell phone waste
E-waste
Egypt
Amal
Fahmy
1
Fellow of Environmental Chemistry and Biology, Environmental Health Department, High Institute of Public Health- Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
Magda
Abd El-Atty
2
Environmental Chemistry and Biology, Environmental Health Department, High Institute of Public Health- Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Personal Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields Emitted from Household Electrical Appliances in Alexandria
Background: While the benefits of electricity in everyday life are unquestionable, the public becomes increasingly concerned about the health effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) at the power frequencies from common household current at 50-60 Hz range. Electromagnetic fields at homes depend on many factors including the distance from the local power lines, the number and type of electrical appliances in use at home, and the configuration and position of household electrical wiring. Objective: To determine levels of exposure to EMF at home. Methods: Thirteen electrical appliances which are most commonly used at home were selected. For each appliance two sets of measurements were taken. The first set was at a distance of 3 centimeters (cm) and the second set was at a distance of 100 cm. Results: The highest level of EMF was obtained from the vacuum machine and the hair dryer with a range of 154.6-198.3mG and 129.9-183.1mG respectively. Levels emitted from the CRT monitor were much more than those emitted from the LCD one. Field levels were substantially greater at small distances but they decreased rapidly with distance. There was a statistically significant difference between levels of electric appliances and background EMF except for terrestrial phone. Conclusion: People live in a bowl of electromagnetic radiation which affects the body. General consumption of electricity should be managed and unused electric appliances should be unplugged.
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20134_5251b10305200a314e847d32ebd9712f.pdf
2012-10-01
224
234
10.21608/jhiph.2012.20134
electromagnetic fields
Household Electrical Appliances
alexandria
Fadia
El-Marakby
1
Occupational Health and Air pollution Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study of Physicochemical Properties of some Types of Rice Consumed in Egypt دراسة الخواص الفيزيائية والکيميائية لبعض أصناف الأرز المستهلکة في جمهورية مصر العربية
This research is carried out to study the effect of soaking different varieties of rice {American rice (uncle pen`s), American rice (brown), Australian rice, Pakistani rice, Indian rice and Egyptian rice) for different periods (0.5,1 , 1.5 ,2 , 2.5) hours to estimate the rice water absorption capacity during the soaking times and also the effect of soaking the rice samples for 15 min on the physical properties of rice after the soaking process to calculate the increment in weight after soaking. The texture of cooked rice was measured by force/ gram (texture). The effect of soaking and cooking on the overall acceptability were measured. The result showed that the physical properties studied rice verities were in the range of FAO standardization. American rice (uncle pen`s) had the highest weight of water absorption capacity during soaking and the Pakistani rice had the highest percentage of weight increment after cooking. Moreover there had differences in the force required to penetrate the rice in gram (texture) for all cooked rice. American rice (uncle pen`s) samples had the highest mellowness, while Pakistani rice the least. The force required in gram to penetrate the cooked Egyptian rice had 59 gram. Sensory evaluation result showed that the Pakistani rice had the highest score and Egyptian rice the lowest for the sample soaked to 2.5 hour. أجري هذا البحث لدراسة تأثيرعمليات النقع لأزمنة مختلفة تتراوح من 0,5 ، 1 ، 1,5 ، 2 ، 2,5 ساعة علي أنواع مختلفة من الأرز ( الأرز الأمريکي –انکل بنز- ، الأرز الأمريکي – البني - ، الأرز الإسترالي ، الأرز الباکستاني ، الأرز الهندي ، الأرز المصري ) لمعرفة مدي قابلية أنواع الأرز لإمتصاص الماء أثناء النقع و سلق کل عينات الأرز لزمن 15دقيقة من بدء الغليان لکل العينات التي تم نقعها في أزمنة النقع المختلفة لحساب الزيادة في الوزن بعد السلق تقدير القوة اللازمة لاختراق القوام مقدرة بالجرام أيضاً قياس تأثير عمليات النقع و السلق علي خواص التقبل العام والخواص العضوية الحسية لعدة أنواع من الأرز الموجودة في السوق، حيث اوضحت النتائج أن الخواص الطبيعية لأنواع الأرز تقع في نطاق مواصفات منظمة الأغذية و الزراعة الأمريکية ، وأن الأرز الأمريکي ( أنکل بنز) کان أکثر الأنواع قدرة علي امتصاص الماء أثناء النقع و أن الأرز الباکستاني بلغ أعلي نسبة مئوية للزيادة في الوزن بعد السلق ، کما تباينت القوة اللازمة لاختراق القوام مقدرة بالجرام لعينات الأرز المسلوق تبعاً لأزمنة النقع و نوع الأرز حيث کان الأرز الأمريکي أکثر الأنواع طراوة والأرز الباکستاني أقلهم طراوة ، بينما بلغت القوة بالجرام اللازمة لاختراق الأرز المصري 59 جرام و بإجراء اختبار التقبل العام و الخواص العضوية الحسية کان أعلاهم الأرز الباکستاني وأقلهم الأرز المصري عند زمن تقع 2,5 ساعة
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_20135_e737ec8e5772fc60ccad8858262365af.pdf
2012-10-01
235
251
10.21608/jhiph.2012.20135
نوع الأرز
الخواص الفيزيائية
نقع الأرز
سلق الأرز
قوام الأرز
التقييم الحسي للأرز
Nabil
El Shimy
1
Public Health Sciences “Food Analysis "Faculty of Tourism & Hotel Management- Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR