ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Aerobic Regular Exercise Training on Blood Pressure Control for Patients with Hypertension
Background: Hypertension affects over 26.3% of the Egyptian population and is considered one of the most significant risk factors for morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease, chronic renal failure, and stroke. Lifestyle modification especially physical exercise is a mainstay in the management of blood pressure control. Objective: We sought to assess the effect of graded walking exercise on blood pressure in hypertensive patients Methods: Our study comprised 40 hypertensive patients with mild to moderate hypertension divided into 2 equal groups. Group I (experimental group) patients were given pharmacological medications and encouraged to graded walking exercise program and followed-up by the researchers over a period of eight weeks. Group II (control group) patients were given standard pharmacological medications only. Results: The results showed insignificant difference between GI and GII in their weight and BMI on 2nd, 6th, and 8th weeks comparing with 1st week. A non-significant improvement between GI and GII was found in heart rate as a short term effects through walking exercises. (t = 2.03, p= 0.05). Comparing between group I and group II regarding the benefits of walking program exercises on heart rate, systolic, and, diastolic blood pressure; a statistical significant difference was observed on 4th, 6th, and 8th weeks in relation to heart rate (p value= 0.0001, 0.005, and 0.0001), respectively, systolic blood pressure (p value = 0.0001, 0.006, and 0.0001), respectively, and diastolic blood pressure (p value = 0.009, 0.024, and 0.002) respectively. Conclusion: The results of the study strongly support the beneficial effect of aerobic regular exercise in reduction of systolic & diastolic blood pressure and heart rate in hypertensive patients with pharmacologic treatment. Special attention should be paid to aerobic exercise for hypertensive patients and should be integral component of hypertension education program.
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_22539_f30750695683c0444268d6088df77936.pdf
2007-07-01
542
560
10.21608/jhiph.2007.22539
Aerobic Regular Exercise
Training
blood pressure
control
Hypertension
Mervat
Abdel Fattah
1
Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hanan
Gaber
2
Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Banha University, Banha, Egypt
AUTHOR
Aida
Elgamil
3
Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
Fatma
Abo Elanin
4
Cardiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of Nurses' Role in Caring for Psychiatric Patients Receiving Electro-Convulsive Therapy
Psychiatric nurses have an important and active role to play in insuring safety for patients undergoing ECT, (Electric-convulsive treatment) and receive accurate information about the treatment. The role of psychiatric nurses in monitoring and preventing complications of ECT is very important, since they provide quality patient care which has become an important factor in success of such management method. This study aimed at assessing the role of nurses caring for the psychiatric patients who receive electro-convulsive therapy. This study followed a descriptive design. The study was carried out at “Psychiatric Department in Tanta University Hospital" and "Psychiatric and Mental Health Hospital" in Tanta. The subjects of the study encompassed all nurses working in the previous settings, (n = 50 nurses). Two tools were used to collect the necessary data: the first was the nurses' knowledge questionnaire, developed by the researchers and divided into two parts: general characteristics of nurses and nurses' Knowledge about ECT. The second was an Observation check list to identify quality of clinical care of patients receiving ECT. The main results revealed that the majority of the study subjects have acceptable level of knowledge about different aspects of ECT but their observed performance was below the expected standardized level. Such level needs to be upgraded using multiple approaches since it proved to be insensitive to years of experiences.
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_22541_050142f377d775d0b05c4a415e04df50.pdf
2007-07-01
561
582
10.21608/jhiph.2007.22541
Nurse Caring
psychiatric patients
Electro-Convulsive Therapy
Mervat
Shalaby
1
Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Zeinab
Loutfi
2
Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shames University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Omayma
Othman
3
Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nahed
Morsy
4
Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shames University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Reproductive Impairment of Tilapia zillii (Gerv.) Living in Different Basins of Lake Mariut, Alexandria
This study aimed at inspecting pollution impact on the reproduction process of Tilapia zillii (Gerv.) living in three main basins of Lake Mariut. Our results revealed that there were two main seasons detected for males and females during a whole year of investigation, namely, non-spawning and spawning seasons. In males, though the two seasons started and ended simultaneously, gonadosomatic index values of males living in the relatively clean area were significantly higher than those of the other two polluted areas. However, no structural alterations could be detected in sections of male gonads from the three basins. All stages of maturation were represented in all gonad sections. In females, gonadosomatic index values of fish living in the relatively clean basin were significantly higher than those of fish living in the other two polluted areas. Females living in the relatively clean area attained two prominent peaks during the spawning season compared to one peak for the other two polluted areas. Spawning season for one of the two polluted areas was one month shorter than the reference area. Histologically, belated and deformed maturation stages as well as ruptured and empty follicles were observed in female gonad sections from the two polluted areas.
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_22542_a674c40fb95548813180a4ac4737ac0c.pdf
2007-07-01
583
600
10.21608/jhiph.2007.22542
Tilapia zillii
gonadosomatic index
gonads histology
Lake Mariut
pollution
Hala
Abdel-Mohsen
1
National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Kayet-Bay, Al-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mahmoud
Abu-Shabana
2
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
Hamed
Saleh
3
National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Kayet-Bay, Al-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
Soheir
Khadre
4
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
Sherief
Ramadan
5
National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Kayet-Bay, Al-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of the Quality of Treated Sewage Sludge (Doha, Qatar)
This study aims at evaluating the quality of currently produced sewage sludge in Doha, State of Qatar. Doha urban areas are currently served by two tertiary wastewater treatment plants at Al-Neaaga (Doha south plant) and Al-Sailiyah (Doha west plant). Industrial areas around Doha are getting wastewater treatment facilities where extra amounts of sludge will be generated. Sludge is composed of primary and secondary sludge and sedimented sand filters backwash. It undergoes further treatment by drying beds for Doha south plant and centrifugation for Doha west plant. Doha south plant produced 190 m3/d sludge, Doha west plant produced 110 m3/d sludge, and industrial region plant produced 16 m3/d sludge. Samples were collected weekly for two months before and after drying beds from Doha south plant, after centrifuge and after storage from Doha west plant, and from industrial region plant. Samples were analyzed chemically and microbiologically. The results revealed that sludge produced by the three plants had heavy metals concentration way below the EPA ceiling limits for land application. On the other hand, the microbiological characterization of the product classified it as class Bsludge according to EPA classification which requires significantly reduction of pathogen. Ascaris lombricoides and Toxocara cati were the most dominant ova detected. The sludge produced needs monitoring and further treatment before its application on land.
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_22544_7b868526edd01fba85b6d980a2d1d59a.pdf
2007-07-01
601
629
10.21608/jhiph.2007.22544
Quality
Treated Sewage Sludge
Doha
Qatar
Magda
Abd-Elaty
1
Department of Environmental Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ghazy
Abdel Kreim
2
Department of Environmental Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
Khaled
El-Emady
3
Public Works Authority, Qatar
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of the Environmental and Operational Factors Affecting the Bioremediation of H2S Gas as Air Pollutant
This study aims at optimizing environmental and operational factors affecting the bio-remediation of H2S as air pollutants. Sulfur gases are emitted from many industrial sources and have adverse effects on the public health and the environment. Bioremediation of waste gases represents a new treatment alternative that has been seen as a competitive to the physico-chemical treatment technologies. Sulfur gases, such as H2S were among the inorganic gases that have been proven to be suitable candidates to Bioremediation. The process of biological treatment depends on using sulfur eating bacteria which can use the target sulfur gas or compound as energy or supplementary source converting it to another sulfur form. Sulfur bacteria are dominant microorganisms in many natural media. The bioreactor used was an aerobic reactor for oxidizing H2S to elemental sulfur by Sulphur Oxidizing Bacteria (SOB). It consisted of aerobic bioreactor, a settler, and H2S-laden gas producing system. The microorganism used is SOB isolated from sewage sludge. Microbial activity is affected by environmental factors and operational factors. The results revealed that the optimum CO3-- concentration range for complete removal and conversion, i.e. 100% recovery of H2S is 61.5 to 615 g/m3. The SOB was highly preferment within a nitrogen concentration range of 30.8 to 123.1 g/m3, achieving 100% removal or conversion efficiency. The minimum P concentration that maintained maximum activity of the resident SOB was about 24.6 g/m3. The mesophilic range was the optimum for the SOB used in this study (38-43oC). The highest performance of the bioreactor was attained at pH range from 7.5 to 9 with optimum operation at pH 8. Results explained that the resident SOB at pH 8 tolerated total sulfide concentrations higher than at pH 7. 100% removal efficiency of the bioreactor reaching at O2/H2S range 0.5- 1.5. The maximum elemental sulfur yield obtained was 92.4%. The increase of H2S inlet concentration required increase of contact time. The measurements of SOB concentration in the suspension reported average about 3.56×108 cells/ml (range from 3.5 to 3.62×108cells/ml). This implies that the maximum cell capacity was about 1.23×10-12 g H2S/cell.h. The activity of the SOB was not affected at SO4-- concentrations below 20,000 g/m3. The removal efficiency was 100% below this concentration. The S2O3-- concentrations higher than 10,000 to 15,000 g/m3 may be inhibitive to the SOB. This study recommended encourages the using of air pollutant gases bioremediation in industries scale.
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_22545_c45b2283cb20dd220be5b3ed8e8cccb9.pdf
2007-07-01
630
654
10.21608/jhiph.2007.22545
Environmental factors
Operational Factors
bioremediation
H2S
Air Pollutant
Mohamed
Zytoon
1
Department of Occupational Health and Air Pollution, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Magda
Abd El-Aty
2
Department of Environmental Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
Faten
Nofal
3
Department of Occupational Health and Air Pollution, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
Ahmed
Issa
4
Department of Occupational Health and Air Pollution, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
Adel
Zakaria
5
Department of Occupational Health and Air Pollution, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Angiotensinogen Gene (M235T) Variant and Pre-Eclampsia in Egyptian Pregnant Women
Association between the angiotensinogen gene (M235T) and pre-eclampsia has been confirmed in recent studies. Pre-eclampsia is a complication of pregnancy characterized by increased vascular resistance, higher blood pressure, proteinuria and oedema that appear in the second and third trimester of pregnancy. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between M235T gene polymorphism and pregnant women with different forms of pre-eclampsia. One hundred and fifteen pre-eclamptic women and 100 normal control group were recruited and evaluated for the frequency of M235T mutation using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). A positive association was found between maternal age over 35 years (OR= 6.67; CI: 2.09-23.59), previous family history of hypertension (OR= 3.01; CI: 1.18-7.66), previous pre-eclampsia (OR= 7.44; CI: 2.47-22.42), history of reproductive losses (OR= 53.98; CI: 3.23-90.88), fetal anomalies (OR= 8.4; CI: 1.06-180.33), and pre-eclampsia. The frequency of heterozygous carriers of M235T mutation in pre-eclampsia (19.1%) was higher than that in control (14%) but the difference was statistically non-significant. Also, the frequency of M235T mutation was higher in mild pre-eclampsia women (63.6%) compared to women with severe pre-eclampsia (36.4%), however this was statistically non-significant. This study revealed that the frequency of M235T mutation was higher within women with mild pre-eclampsia.
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_22546_c53ae1d0b06951c58a98ffef407a7adf.pdf
2007-07-01
655
669
10.21608/jhiph.2007.22546
Angiotensinogen Gene (M235T) Variant
Pre-eclampsia
Pregnant women
Egypt
Nargues
Hassanein
1
Department of Human Genetics Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohamed
Mokhtar
2
Department of Human Genetics Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Self-Care Practice of Community Dwelling Diabetic Elders
Diabetes is common chronic disease encountered by individuals in late life. Diabetes and its complications can impaire well being and quality of life of elders. Patient’s compliance and self-care practices are critical facors in appropriate management of diabetes mellitus. So, this study aimed at identifying self-care practice of community dwelling elders. The study sample comprises 105 diabetic elderly who attending the outpatient diabetic clinic at Farouk Hospital, which is affiliated to Ministry of Health and Population. The study revealed that the majority, of the studied diabetic elders had a poor adherence to self-care practice. It was found that self-care practices are affected by sex, marital status, and income of the elders. Also, self-care practice had a significant relation with fasting blood level, body mass index, and the number of foot problems. Knowledge of diabetic elders is essential for self-care practice which is affected by elders' educational level. The study recommended that encouraging elders’ independency, and providing financial and social supports are an essential part for self-care practices
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_22547_25733f29f7ac388c98c2c4dd5810f61f.pdf
2007-07-01
670
689
10.21608/jhiph.2007.22547
Self-Care Practice
Community Dwelling
Diabetic Elders
Somaya
El-Shazly
1
Department of Gerontological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nahed
Ayoub
2
Department of Gerontological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, El-Mansoura University, El-Mansoura, Egypt
AUTHOR
Hanaa
Shafic
3
Department of Gerontological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Immunoparasitological Study in Bilharzial Patients With or without Hepatitis C Virus in El-Beheira Governorate
Hepatitis C virus infection and schistosomiasis are common in Egypt. Coinfection is not uncommon. Little and quite controversial data are known about biochemical profile in these patients. This study was designed to study IL-2 production as a marker of lymphocyte activity in patients suffering from schistosomiasis with or without hepatitis C virus infection. This work enrolled 513 patients (239 females and 274 males) of Damanhour Teaching Hospital. Study sample included 120 subjects to form 4 groups: gp I (30 normal subjects as control), gp II (30 patients +ve for S. mansoni only), gp III (30 patients seopositive for HCV only), and gp IV (30 patients with mixed S. mansoni and HCV infection). The intensity of schistosomiasis was estimated by Kato-Katz technique. ELISA was used to detect anti HCV, HBs Ag and to estimate interleukin 2 (IL 2) in serum of selected groups. Indirect haemagglutination test was used to detect schistosomiasis among pure HCV. Complete blood picture and liver function tests were also done. Out of 513 samples examined, 89 (17.3%) were +ve for Schistosoma mansoni and 7 (1.4%) +ve for Schistosoma heamatobium. The overall prevalence rate among males was almost double that among females (21.9% versus 12.1%). The risk of HCV infection increased 7 times with the presence of S. mansoni infection. Focusing on the risk factors for S. mansoni infection it was found that gender, water contact, low education, and low socioeconomic status were the most important factors affecting prevalence of S. mansoni infection which in turn increased the risk of HCV infection. In the selected studied groups the results of heamatological and biochemical parameters showed significant decrease in group IV (schistosomiasis + HCV) than that of normal controls, schistosomal, and HCV patients groups. On the other hand, there were an increase in serum bilirubin and aminotransferase enzymes in the group of mixed infections. It has been shown that, in patients with mixed infections, IL2 level was lower than that of the other 3 groups. In conclusion S. mansoni was the predominating species in the present study. History of water contact, low education, and low socioeconomic status were the most important determinant factors of schistosomiasis. The risk of HCV infection increased with the presence of schistosomiasis.
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_22549_b72e50314cab977c6f84553a85ddac95.pdf
2007-07-01
690
710
10.21608/jhiph.2007.22549
Immunoparasitologyl
Bilharzial Patients
Hepatitis C virus
El-Beheira Governorate
Safaa
Eassa
safaamohamed46@yahoo.com
1
Department of Tropical Health (Division of Parasitology and Medical Entomology), High Institute of public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Moustafa
El-Fadly
2
Department of Tropical Health (Division of Parasitology and Medical Entomology), High Institute of public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
Sanaa
El-Masry
3
Department of Tropical Health (Division of Parasitology and Medical Entomology), High Institute of public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
Zeinab
Shaibat El-Hamd
4
Department of Tropical Health (Division of Parasitology and Medical Entomology), High Institute of public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Dietary Practices among Postpartum Women
In order to assess the dietary knowledge and practices among postpartum women we studied 420 recently delivered (within 2 months) women and reported to the specified centers for vaccination of their newborns were interviewed. An exploratory descriptive research design was adopted. The study was conducted at seven Maternal-child health centers in Alexandria, EGYPT. An interview schedule was designed and utilized to collect the necessary data. It included socio-demographic characteristics, women's reproductive history, women's dietary practices, and women's knowledge about postnatal nutrition. Results yielded that the total nutrition knowledge scores of the subjects was poor. Where only 6.0% had good score. As regards the practice; most of the studied women (90.2%) had added fenugreek and of them 79.2% had added moghat to their postnatal diet. While around half of they had omitted water intake. It can be concluded that there is poor level of knowledge regarding during postpartum period about well balanced diet.
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_22550_4b15869cad173a53f6d1e1200fb92b18.pdf
2007-07-01
711
736
10.21608/jhiph.2007.22550
Dietary Practices
Postpartum Women
Amany
Mahmoud
1
Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Sana'a, Yemen
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nada
Ismail
2
Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
Maha
El-Habashy
3
Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Sana'a, Yemen
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Traditional Management of Gastrointestinal Minor Discomforts during Pregnancy
Every system in the body is adjusted and affected by pregnancy. However, some minor discomforts may accompany even a normal pregnancy. Nausea, vomiting, heart burn, ptyalism, pica, bleeding gums, constipation, flatulence, and hemorrhoids refer to digestive system minor discomforts of pregnancy, but the most common are, morning sickness, heart burn and constipation.This study aimedatidentifying the traditional management of gastrointestinal minor discomforts during pregnancy. The study was conducted on 300 pregnant women attending six maternal and child health centers in Tanta City, where 50 women were chosen from each setting. A specially designed interview schedule was used to collect the socio-demographic data, history of gastrointestinal minor discomforts during present and previous pregnancy, and women practices to overcome them. The results revealed that morning sickness was the most significant complaint during previous and current pregnancies (70% & 60%, respectively), followed by heart burn (64% & 52.7%, respectively), then constipation (53.3% & 51%, respectively). It was found that the majority of the studied subjects used harmful practices to relieve morning sickness such as eat salty food and pickles, induce vomiting, drink boiled fenugreek seeds. The majority of the subjects did harmful practice to relieve heart burn in the form of eating green fenugreek or lettuce, vicia faba or luppinus, drinking sodium bicarbonate dissolved in water and taking antiacid without any prescription. Useful practices to relieve constipation were reported by slightly more than one-third of the subjects. It involved increasing intake of chicory, vegetables, and fruits as well as increasing intake of fluids, milk, and yogurt. Women’s practices to relieve morning sickness and heart burn were significantly influenced by their education (x2 = 8.442, p= 0.0157 & x2 = 13.987, p= 0.0073, respectively). Better educated women had more tendencies to use useful practices, while women with limited educational background had more tendencies to use harmful ones. The results of the present study also revealed a significant relationship between women’s practices to relieve morning sickness and constipation and their occupation (x2 = 8.306, p= 0.0175 & x2 = 7.189, p= 0.0275, respectively).
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_22553_21ab27ac0cbd6b635645556210d3e970.pdf
2007-07-01
737
757
10.21608/jhiph.2007.22553
Traditional Management
Gastrointestinal Minor Discomforts
Pregnancy
Iman
El-Khayat
1
Department of Maternity and Gynecologic Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of the Current Practices of e-Waste Management in Alexandria, Egypt (Case Study: Waste from Personal Computers)
ewaste is one of the fastest growing waste streams in the world. Decision- and policy-makers in Egypt have not yet tackled the issue of e-waste management. Recently, this management has been recognized as a serious issue due to numerous environmental concerns such as a) e-waste quantity generated at an alarming rate, b) pollution of air and groundwater, c) resource consumption, d) health and environmental hazards associated with informal e-waste recycling, and e) illegal trans-boundary movement of this e-waste. This study was carried out in Alexandria aiming at assessing the current practices adopted in the management of one type of e-waste, that is waste resulting from obsolete personal computers (PC-waste). To achieve this aim, information was collected from 40 PC-waste stakeholders. Furthermore, Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) was performed on 10 discarded Printed Wire Boards (PWBs) to determine whether they should be considered as hazardous waste or not. Results of the study revealed that 55% of PC-waste were reused especially in PC repairing and refurbishing centers, that the major means of disposing PC-waste was by selling it to scrap dealers (50% of the respondents), followed by throwing it with municipal solid waste (MSW) (35% of the respondents), and finally by applying a "Producer Take-Back" system especially for large e-waste generators (15% of the respondents). PC-waste was collected by scrap dealers using trucks or donkey carts. Informal recycling was taking place to reclaim steel, plastic and aluminum. Fortunately, no intense material recovery from PC-waste was encountered in Alexandria. All the remaining fractions from PC-waste were found to be thrown with MSW to be directed to the landfill. As for the PWBs, they were found to exhibit toxicity due to high lead levels and therefore, they should be considered hazardous waste D008. Finally, the study concluded the complete absence of any legislation or infra-structure to deal with e-waste management and recommended a framework for an action plan to be taken by policy-makers in Egypt.
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_22555_5e740bb095e27d0df2d5f19ad7f7667b.pdf
2007-07-01
758
777
10.21608/jhiph.2007.22555
ewaste
computer
waste management
TCLP
PWBs
Hazardous waste
e-waste recycling
Rim
Hussein
rimahamid@yahoo.com
1
Department of Environmental Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hesham
El-Naggar
2
Department of Environmental Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
Anwaar
Arafa
3
Department of Environmental Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Biochemical, Cognitive, and Psychiatric Effects of Anticholinergics Benzhexol Hydrochloride and Biperiden Hydrochloride in Schizophrenic Patients
It is estimated that 45 million people suffer from schizophrenia around the world; it is among the top ten leading causes of disability. By 2050, this number will have grown to approximately 71 million people. Mental illnesses contribute more to the global burden of disease than all cancers combined. The present study has been planned to evaluate the effect of anticholinergic parkinol (benzhexol hydrochloride) and akineton (biperiden hydrochloride) on erythrocyte acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity and serum activities of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in schizophrenic patients treated with haloperidol, and also to study the effect of the previously mentioned two anticholinergics on both the cognitive functions and psychiatric symptoms in such patients. The study was carried out on 30 male schizophrenic patients who were divided into two main groups (group 1 and group 2) each of 15 patients of comparable age. The present results revealed that the total score of (PANSS) showed a significant decrease in all studied groups. The total score of (MMSE) showed a significant increase in all studied groups. The AChE activity did not show any significant difference in all comparisons in all studied groups. In our study, there was a significant elevation of serum GGT, ALT, AST and ALP levels in some groups of treated patients as compared to pretreatment groups. The results obtained in our study showed a significant increase in serum GGT, ALT, AST, and ALP levels in groups treated with either (haloperidol+benzhexol hydrochloride) or (haloperidol+biperiden hydrochloride) as compared to the corresponding levels in groups treated with haloperidol only, respectively. From all results we can concluded that the biochemical parameters used in this study are useful in detecting any side effects of antipsychotic and anticholinergic drugs on liver functions. The treatment with (haloperidol+benzhexol hydrochloride) and (haloperidol+biperiden hydrochloride) are effective in decreasing the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
https://jhiphalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_22556_1df1de13340fe4350843b489b7d13e0d.pdf
2007-07-01
778
759
10.21608/jhiph.2007.22556
biochemical
cognitive
psychiatric
Effects
Anticholinergics Benzhexol Hydrochloride
Biperiden Hydrochloride
Schizophrenic Patients
Mervat
Mahmoud
1
Department of Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Tarek
Molokhia
2
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
Nesreen
Shaheen
3
Department of Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
Nabila
Hussein
4
Department of Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mervat
El-Toukhy
5
Department of Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
Hany
Ismail
6
Department of Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR