An Epidemiological Profile of Road Traffic Accidents, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Epidemiology Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Egypt

2 Medical Services Directorate, Ministry of Interior

3 Family & Community Medicine Department

4 Emergency Department, King Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

A substantial increase in the mortality and morbidity burdens due to Road Traffic Accidents [RTA] has been observed during the last 3 decades in the Arabian Gulf Region. This study aimed at describing the epidemiologic characteristics of the individuals involved in RTA in the Eastern Province [EP] of Saudi Arabia; investigating the possible causes, circumstances and outcomes of such accidents; and outlining RTA prevention and control measures. A cross-sectional study was conducted in which the relevant data were collected by reviewing the police records on RTA that occurred during two years; as well as the medical charts of RTA victims managed at the main EP referral hospital during a 3 month period. Two questionnaires were designed and utilized for this purpose. Analysis of the results showed that the total number of RTA during the study period was 102109, resulting in 6588 injuries and 1084 deaths. Most of the accidents occurred in big cities, during week-ends, rush-hours, due to violation of traffic codes. Most victims were 20-39 years old, males [91%), drivers (66%], and transported to hospitals by private cars [88%]. Contusions were the most common type, while lower limbs represented the most common site of injuries. All seriously injured victims were admitted to the hospital, while those with minor trauma were managed at the Emergency Room on out-patient basis. The study recommends increasing the number of police patrols at the highways and at the cities' entrances, and strictly implement traffic codes. Roadsi and vehiclesi safety should be periodically checked. Licenses should only be provided to those who are qualified for driving. Training and availing highly qualified rescuers for ambulances and emergency physicians for all major hospitals. Drivers should follow traffic codes and safety measures while driving, especially using seat-belts. Passengers, should also fasten their seat belts, and avoid disturbing drivers. Finally, pedestrians are recommended to be fully alert, cross only at the designated pedestrian lines and keep children in the company of their parents at all times. Thus, solving the major public health problem of RTA in the EP needs inter-sectoral collaboration between the different authorities concerned on one hand, and the public on the other.

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